Benefits of Playing Team Sports

Thesis OUTLINE Benefits of playing team sports: 1. Traveling 2. Working Together 3. Learning New Techniques 4. School Scholarship THE FIRST THESIS We say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Belize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are of under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice.So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize? PARAGRAPHS Paragraph one will be talking about how sports can make you travel around the world and making new friends. Paragraph two is talking about the youths working together as one to be a good sports team. Paragraph three will be telling you about how team sports can mak e you learn new techniques. Paragraph four tells you about getting a school scholarship to go to any school of our choice. REWRITE ThesisBelize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. We say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice. So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize? OLD THESISWe say that playing team sports are something good for us to keep us the youth of Belize doing the positive things in life. Belize has a population of 333,200 persons and of that amount 232,700 are of under the age of 35 where at the age of 35 you are still call a youth. This represents approximately 70%. Some benefits of playing team sports are by Traveling around the world, working together as one, Learning New Techniques and to be able to get a Scholarship to go to any school of their choice. So do you think that playing team sports is good for the youths of Belize?

Porter Argues That If a Firm Is to Attain Competitive Advantage

Porter argues that if a firm is to attain competitive advantage; it must choose between the types of competitive advantage it seeks, discuss using an industrial example? An industry can be defined as a group of companies offering products that are closely substituting for each other in order to satisfy customers. Competitive advantage can be defined as when a firm sustains profit which exceeds the company’s average; it automatically possesses competitive advantage over rivals. The business strategy for most companies is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.This essay aims to discuss why firms must choose between types of competitive advantages using an industrial example. Michael Porter indentified that there are 2 basic types of competitive advantage, cost advantage and differentiation advantage. A competitive advantage exists when the firm is able to deliver the same benefits as competitors but at a lower price (Cost Advantage) or deliver benefits that exceed those of the competitors (Differentiation). Thus, the firm creates superior value and products for customers whilst it gains superior profit for the company.A resource based view emphasizes that a firm utilizes its resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage that results in creating superior value thus the firm must have resources and capabilities that are superior to those of the competitors. Resources are the firm specific assets used for creating either a cost advantage or differentiation advantage, examples of resources are brand equity, reputation, installed customer base. While, capabilities refer to the firm’s ability of utilizing its resources, an example is the ability to bring out a product or market before competitors.Thus, the resources and capabilities together result in distinctive competencies which allow innovation, efficiency, creativity, quality and customer responsiveness which can be leveraged to create cost advantage or differentiation. Essent ially, a firm’s relative position within its industry determines whether its profitability stands above or below industry average. Porter states that there are 2 types of competitive advantage a firm can possess as mentioned above however , there are 3 generic strategies for achieving competitive advantage in an industry; cost advantage/leadership, differentiation and focus.The first type of competitive advantage is cost advantage /leadership, it is when a firm becomes low cost producer in its industry. It minimizes the cost to the organization of delivering products and services. According to Porter (1985) , there are two ways of achieving cost leadership either by increasing profit by reducing costs while charging the average price. Or by increasing market share through charging lower prices while still achieving a reasonable profit on each sale because your cost has been reduced.Furthermore, companies that are successful in achieving cost leadership usually have an access to the capital needed to invest in technology which helps reduce the cost. Also, they have very efficient logistics and a low cost base such as labor, materials and facilities (Ibid, 1985). Essentially, if a firm can achieve and maintain cost leadership, it can obtain above average performance whilst the prices are still affordable in that industry. Hence, the cost leader does not try to be the industry innovator, it seeks to position its products to appeal to the average customer taste.The aimed goal is to increase efficiency and lower its costs in relation to competitors. Some of the advantages of the cost leadership strategies are it is protected by industry competitors by cost advantage, purchases in large quantities which increases bargaining power over supplier. Also, it has the ability to reduce price to compete with substitute products, less affected by a fall in the price of inputs as it has powerful buyers. Some of the disadvantages are competitors may lower their cost str ucture, they may imitate the cost leaders method and cost reductions may affect demand.Furthermore, Porter argues that a low cost position acts to a firm’s benefit against rivalry, and it can act as a defense against powerful suppliers by providing more flexibility to cope with input increases. The car industry has always been one of the most competitive industries because of the huge revenues and profits available at stake. The competition has increased drastically in this industry as there has been a constant need to continuously develop new kinds of car models to satisfy the needs of particular groups of buyers.For example, Toyota has used its low cost structure to produce efficient and increasing ranges of vehicles tailored to different segments of the car industry. Its ability to move from the design to production stage in two to three years gives it the benefit of bringing out new models faster than its competitors and capitalize on the development of new market segment s or niches. Also, Toyota has been a leader in positioning its range of vehicles to take advantage of emerging market segments.For example , in the sports utility segment, it offers six models of sports utility vehicles each offering a combination of price, size, performance, styling and luxury that appeals to different sets of buyers. The second type of competitive advantage addressed by Porter is differentiation. As opposed to cost leadership approach, differentiation does not seek to lower prices in order to gain competitive advantage. Porter states that by using differentiation approach, a firm seeks to be unique in its industry alongside some attributes that are greatly valued by buyers.An industry selects few attributes that most buyers in an industry perceive as vital and aims to uniquely present and position itself to meet those needs. Differentiation approach is usually rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price and to make a successful generic strategy, organizations need to have good research, development and innovation. They need to have the ability to deliver high quality products and services and have an effective sales and marketing team in order to understand the market demands.Usually, companies that follow differentiation strategies create a product that is distinct for its competitors in an important way. Therefore, a differentiator strives to differentiate itself in as many dimensions as it can, it seeks to segment the market in many niches , and it focuses on the organizational functions that provide a source of distinct advantages. According to Porter, there are several sources of product differentiation that a firm must look at.Firstly, firms should focus on the product and highlight which features they want to change, how complex they want the product to be, when they would like to introduce the product and the location. Secondly, firms should focus on their relationship with the customer, product customization, and consumer marke ting and product reputation. Lastly, firms should focus on linkages within and between firms, linkages among functions within a firm, linkages with other firms, product mix , distribution channel and service and support. Some of the advantages of differentiation strategy are customers develop brand loyalty.Also, differentiators could pass price increases onto customers, powerful buyers are not a problem because the product is distinct and differentiation and brand loyalty are barriers to entry. Some of the disadvantages of differentiation strategies are difficulties maintaining long term distinctiveness in consumer’s eyes, competitors can quickly imitate and difficulty maintaining premium price. For example, American Express carefully differentiated its product using famous people to advertise the virtues, exclusivity, and distinctness of possessing those cards.Amex cards were premium products that allowed the company to charge both customers and merchants more because it off ered quality service and conferred status on the user. By 2002, it offered 9 kinds of charge cards and 14 kinds of credit cards seeking to expand the market reach. The third strategy Porter mentions is the focus strategy which concentrates on particular niche markets and tries to understand the dynamics of that particular market. Alongside, the unique needs of customers in those markets, it seeks to develop low cost and well specified products for the market.Usually, it results in strong brand loyalty amongst customers which makes their market segment less attractive to competitors. Focus strategy usually combines with either cost leadership or differentiation as it is not enough on its own. In addition, the focuser strives to serve the need of a targeted niche market segment where it has either a low cost or differentiated competitive advantage. In cost focus, a firm seeks cost advantage as its target segment. In differentiation focus, firms choose differentiation as their main app roach.Some of the advantages of focus strategy is the focuser is protected from rivals by providing a product or service that they cannot offer, the focuser has power over buyers because they cannot get the same service from anywhere else. Also, the threat of new entrants is limited by customer loyalty to the brand and customer loyalty lessens the threat from substitutes. Some of the disadvantages of focus strategies are differentiators will compete for a focuser’s niche and the focuser’s niche may disappear because of technological change or changes in customer’s tastes.

Building a customer loyalty scheme via The Three Commitment Components Essay

Building a customer loyalty scheme via The Three Commitment Components model for family-run Thai restaurants in London - Essay Example The latter trend has borne business ventures’ interest in fostering consumer loyalty, which is synonymous with consumer adherence to an establishment’s products and services, as opposed to shifting to alternative suppliers. Further, adoption of consumer loyalty has seen firms shift from the traditional marketing model that primarily targeted broadening of their consumer bases and enhancing profitability through increased sales volumes, toward marketing for loyalty. The widespread inclination is evident from the increasing number of companies that are opting to formulate, implement, assess and improve loyalty strategies or programmes meant to develop stable relations with customers. This paper seeks to provide insight into how the three commitment component model can be used to formulate loyalty programmes and consequently foster consumers’ loyalty to a family-run Thai restaurant based in London. Customer loyalty will enable the Thai restaurant to attain higher ef ficiency by streamlining operation strategies, providing customers’ with favorite meals or services, and incurring lower expenditure, while using three commitment component model-based programmes. Conventionally, firms utilized a loyalty strategy that sought to attract numerous customers, but not to retain them in the long run. An excellent example of a traditional loyalty model is the behavioural approach, whereby firms take advantage of customers’ buying propensities to build a loyalty program. This translates to creation of slow point redemption of points or rewards by a customer after they use the establishment’s products or services for a while. Contrastingly, the three commitment component model encompasses three principal loyalty elements, that is, the affective, normative and continuance. The affective aspect represents elements that bind consumers willingly to a service provider. The

Zappos as an Online Shoe and Clothing Trading Company Essay

Zappos as an Online Shoe and Clothing Trading Company - Essay Example The company utilizes the internet to undertake most of the business operations, including marketing and customer service. Relationship marketing and loyalty business models have been the marketing approaches adopted by the company since inception. An organizational culture is the values and behaviors that enable the customers to define the organizational environment. The organizational culture at Zappos remains focused on ensuring satisfaction of the customers from the services received. One fundamental value at the company remains the value for customers, commonly achieved through providing customer service beyond the traditional customer service. The company ensures relationships become established and nurtured between the organization and the customers. The employees within the organization have been empowered to undertake any action deemed relevant, towards attending to a customer needs (Schein, 2010). Within the organization, customer service representatives do not need to cons ult their supervisors when presented with complaints. Empowerment of employees has enabled the company to pursue the goal of excellent customer service, for a long period. The activities and actions undertaken by the customer representative employees remain fundamental in determining the organizational culture at Zappos. One instance when a customer called seeking to return a pair of shoes she’d bought for the husband proves the level of empowerment among the employees. The customer wanted to return the shoes since the husband had been deceased before he could receive the boots. The customer service employees offered to inform the customer about the procedure. The customer service employees instead, sent flowers to console the customer for the demise of her husband. This presented a human touch to the virtual company which undertakes to trade online. Many employees of the company have created  social media accounts through which to communicate with customers.  

Foreign country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foreign country - Essay Example As a late comer in the industry, it is prudent for the company to seek ways to elevate its performance toward the standard benchmarks set forth by its forerunners. In simple terms, benchmarking can be defined as â€Å"learning from the pros† (American Productivity & Quality Center, 1993). Benchmarks are very essential for organizational operations in that they lay in the open the processes that hold the keys to a successful business take off and the subsequent operations. Through such standards, a business venture Lodgit Courier will identify and adopts a mix of practices of top performers that will in effect define the course that the business initiative takes. Put quite simply, benchmarking is the art of finding out straightforward organization and implementation strategies that leads to success. The concept engenders comparative efficiency to other industry key players with the intent to know the exact processes, procedures, and/or technological applications principles that can results in the production of superior outputs (Ammons, 1996; Camp, 1989). Since businesses are all about competition, benchmarking plays a very important role of measuring specific performance gaps that could be used to gain competitive advantage (Boxwell, 1994). Indeed, it is â€Å"not a cost to be avoided, but a tool that when utilized properly can result into quantum leaps in organizational performance" (Dodd and Turner, 2000). Given that this joint venture business, it would take an influential positive stand to convince colleagues that certain standards have to be met for the company to remain competitive in the industry. It is also essential to note that group of investors can consistently utilize a common investment strategy and emerge victorious. As leant in the analysis of market efficiency, market outcomes are not always efficient to all investors due to the cost of information which may lean towards those with the capacity to acquire such, if at

Confederation and Constitution in the USA Essay

Confederation and Constitution in the USA - Essay Example Among the strengths of the articles was its ability to quell the fear of a strong central government. As he British left the United States, most Americans feared that the creation of a large nation would simply replace the outgoing King George III with yet another heartless tyrant. As such, Americans wanted a ways of insuring themselves from such occurrences. The articles therefore created a weak conference while safeguarding the sovereignty and independence of the states. This way, the states would protect themselves from any dictatorial politicians who would lead the country. The constitution later created a powerful congress and eliminated the sovereignty and independence of the states. While such a move enhanced the rapid development of the country throughout the years, the articles of confederation served a vital role of reassuring Americans of their freedoms until they understood the importance of a united country with a powerful congress. Another equally significant strength of the articles was the fact that they strived to enhance corporation among the states. The articles of confederation called for the creation of â€Å"a firm league of friendship† of the states. Such was integral in their common defense, their mutual and general welfare and the security of their freedoms. The articles demanded that states permit free movements of people and goods throughout the states. Additionally, the articles encouraged the states to trust the judicial system of the states a feature that enhanced the creation of a uniform judicial system in the country.

The Apostle Paul and his Pastoral Epistles Essay - 1

The Apostle Paul and his Pastoral Epistles - Essay Example Though Titus is not mentioned in the book of acts, he and Timothy were Paul’s Spiritual children who he was mentoring for Pastoral ministry, with Titus being mentioned in the book of Galatians 2:1 for the first time (Christ Lutheran Church of the Deaf). Paul wrote the three epistles, known as pastoral letters to provide instructions to his two sons pertaining to their pastoral duties and to warn them about false teachings and occult practices which could easily have affected the churches they were pastoring. Both Timothy and Titus were young and Paul as their mentor also wished to encourage them, like he tells Timothy not to let anyone despise him because of his youth but to be an example 1 Tim 4:12. Paul was imprisoned twice in his life in Rome, in 60-63A.D and in 67-68A.D (NewApologia). He wrote 1Timothy during his first imprisonment, wrote Titus upon his release and 2 Timothy during his second imprisonment, after which he was killed by beheading. The letters contained instructions for ministry to Timothy and Titus, and thus he was able to continue with his work even while in prison. Timothy had been a companion of Paul in his missionary journeys and now was serving God in Ephesus. The different vocabulary and writing style from other Pauline letters should be understood from the view point that their theme is common, as they are aimed mostly to address the issue of Pastoral care and that is why between them they are very similar. Linguistic evidence to prove that they were not written by Paul could be countered by the fact that there is much that is not known pertaining to the conditions of production of the three epistles and also the other Pauline letters (Smith). There is also general concurrence that the Pastoral letters do not provide an adequate sample by which to make comparisons with the other Pauline letters. The differences are not also as great

With rreference to recent case law discuss the impact of the human Essay

With rreference to recent case law discuss the impact of the human rights act 1998 on the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy - Essay Example The UK Constitution is rightly deemed an unconventional, uncodified constitution that is a pragmatic product of experience and experiment. Central to the UK Constitution is the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy which endows the UK Parliament an overweening supremacy above all other governmental institutions including the executive and the judiciary. As defined by Albert Dicey, it is a doctrine wherein the Parliament has â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law whatever and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament.†3 Parliament is not bound by its predecessor. In other words, it confers upon the Parliament the title â€Å"Supreme Lawmaker† by which the notion of judicial review does not apply. Thus, no court is allowed to question the validity of an Act of Parliament. Moreover, the Parliament’s legislative competence is rendered unlimited and by ordinary Act of Parliament it is empowered to alter any aspect of the existing Constitution. This doctrine had been questioned but was upheld in the Madzimbamuto case with finality, holding that if Parliament chose to enact a law that is improper or immoral, â€Å"the court will not hold the Act of Parliament invalid†.4 This doctrine had also been lambasted by such judges as Lord Chief Justice Woolf on the ground that it causes the British courts to become a weakened judiciary, stripped of the power of judicial review and the power to interpret civil rights implications while the Parliament is free to enact any legislation that it desires.5 It is a reality though, that the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy was threatened and suffered an erosion when UK decided to become a member of the European Union in 1972 and had to accede to European laws and the principle of the supremacy of European union law. The case Costa v ENEL

Google China Essay Example for Free

Google China Essay Chinese language search engine launched in china in 2006 (pg. 37) Company was private until 2004, Page and Brin decided to conduct a Dutch auction Dutch auction was designed to â€Å"democratize IPO share allocation and afford companies and early investors the best price†( pg. 40) Company 5,680 employees were scattered throughout the world (pg. 41) 2005 positive cash flow of 3. 45 billion (pg. 41) Revenue of $6. 14 billion (pg. 41) Google motto â€Å"don’t be evil† (pg. 42) â€Å"With a population of 1. 6 billion people, China had become an attractive market for many U. S. -based multinationals† Chinese internet controlled through both governmental and censorship (self-Censorship) (pg. 47) Chinese government was able to monitor all foreign internet traffic by routers (URLs) (pg. 47) In 2002, google. com was inaccessible for 2 weeks, it was slow and temperamental for all Chinese users (pg. 53) Google was losing market share to Baidu, yahoo, an Microsoft (pg. 53) Step 3: Write the problem statement. Tom Maclean, the director of International Business for Google Inc. was facing whether to continue google. cn in China or just leave it as google. com, even though google. Would be a slower search engine in china and may not give Google Inc. any profit. Maclean has to address this problem within 24 hours or Google Inc. may lose profits from China. Step 4: State an objective for the manager involved. Short-term objectives: 1. To- Rebuild reputation that was damaged 2. To- maintain both search engines Long-term objectives: 1. To- Google should continue with their mission to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful 2. To – create better methods to make google. cn filter the Chinese information Step 5: Identify and rank order critical issues related to the problem. Here lies the heart of the case; if you miss a critical issue, you miss the opportunity to solve the case to the satisfaction of involved stakeholders. Identify least to most critical. Specify which issue should be addressed first. 1. The damage caused by Google Inc. 2. finding methods in filtering google. cn 3. Google. cn whether it should continue in China, since Google was losing market share to others such as yahoo, Microsoft, and Baidu Step 6: Consider relevant information and underlying assumptions related to the problem. Fact- Chinese government censors search results about â€Å"harmful Material† Fact- China is a great place to obtain investments Assumption- Google. cn would do good Step 7: List possible solutions to the problem. 1. First solution. Google should get rid of Google. cn in china and just let it be google. com Advantages Advantage- don’t have to worry about the censorship and regulations Advantage- all places would have the same search engine Disadvantages Disadvantage- slower search engine Disadvantage- Chinese wouldn’t use it at a search engine Possible Outcomes Best: Google. com would be a good search engine and the Chinese will use it Most Likely: Chinese will not use google. com as there search engine, causing Google to lose money Least Likely: Google. com would be the Chinese search engine 2. Second solution Google will continue on with google. cn in China Advantages Advantage- it would make Google Inc. profit Advantage- Google will rebuild reputation that was damaged Disadvantages Disadvantage- Chinese users would be aware of the filtering but not the exact nature of filtering Disadvantage- everything goes through the Chinese government Possible Outcomes Best: Google. cn will be the best search engine and Google Inc. will rebuild the damaged caused Most Likely: Google. cn will be good and make Google Inc. profit Least Likely: Chinese government won’t get involved in google. cn Step 8: Select the best solution. What should the manager do and why? Support with evidence. Google Inc. should move forward with google. cn and persuade china to lower their regulations and expectations. Step 9: Decide how to implement the solution. Create a plan of action—actions required, time line, resources, personnel, impact on the organization, measurement of results. Tom Maclean should implement the solution in the meeting he is going to have, let them know that google. cn will continue to work in China but it will be more organized and need the Chinese government to lower their expectations. Step 10: Explain how to communicate the solution. How to communicate the message and to whom. Consider the needs of your target audience and the needs of stakeholders. Think about timing as well. He should communicate the message through a press conference, within the next day of his decision.

Cold War Essay Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay Essay To what extent was Germany the cause of East/West disagreements between 1943 and 1963? (2000) 5. Analyze the role of Germany in the origin and development of the Cold War. (2002) 6. In what ways, and with what results, was Germany the key focus of the early stages of the Cold War? (2005) 7. Compare and contrast the policies of the USA and the USSR towards Korea between 1945 and 1955. (2004) 8. Also: NATO, Soviet policies, Sovietization of Central and Eastern Europe, COMECON, Stalin, Truman

An Analysis Of Microfinance And Poverty Economics Essay

An Analysis Of Microfinance And Poverty Economics Essay This is not charity. This is business: business with a social objective, which is to help people get out of poverty Dr Muhammad Yunus (www.environmentalquoteshomepage.com) Jonathan Morduch, Chairman of UN Expert Group on Poverty Statistics quoted that Microfinance stands as one of the most promising and cost-effective tools in the fight against global poverty. Economic growth of the economically, socially and geographically disadvantaged segments of the population of any country requires access to financial services. The disparity between the rich and the poor continues to grow wider and therefore microfinance institutions were introduced to help the less unfortunate people who did not have enough money for survival. It is usually in the narrow sense called micro because the microfinance companies deal with small amounts of loans for e.g. small savings and small loans. These loans are given to unsalaried borrowers, taking very little or no collateral at all. In a broader sense, microfinance refers to a movement where there is an easy access to financial services for the low income clients to build assets, stabilize consumption and protection against fu ture risks. Microfinance clients are usually people who fall under the poverty line and do not have any access to any financial institution for them to borrow from. The poor people usually save in the informal ways for e.g. They invest their assets in gold, domestic animals, land etc however informal saving has serious limitations. The poor are more likely to lose out on money through mismanagement or fraud. Banks do not entertain the poor people because they do not have collateral or enough money to open a savings account therefore it is not feasible for a poor person to access the banks. There are several microfinance institutions in the world mainly in the developing countries. The leading countries are Bangladesh, India, Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. Micro financing has it roots from the 1870s in Ireland nevertheless today the history of microfinancing hails from the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Professor Mohammed Yunus along with his graduate students of Chittagong University designed an experimental credit programme to serve the poor facing banking problems. Through the help of rural banks they were able to disburse and recover loans. Although this project was a huge success the banks refused to take over it considering it to be too risky and expensive. Ultimately through support of benefactors, the Grameen Bank (Grameen meaning rural or village) was founded in 1983 and now provides loans to more than 4 million borrowers. They underlying objectives of the Grameen Bank was to eliminate the exploitation by landlords, perk up the standard of living particularly for women and to reverse the old age vicious cycle of low income meant low savings resulting in low investment. They wanted to inject credit into the cycle thereby increasing the investment size. Microfinance was not considered to hand out rather they introduced improved repayment rates. They focused on the ceiling in the interest rate and credit subsidies that retarded the expansion of the financial services. The poor people were shown that the repayment rates were better than the formal financial services were offering to them. The two features which helped Microfinance institutions to attain sustainability and reach large numbers of clients were the high repayment and the cost-recovery interest rates. Additionally to a bank account, there are other financial services like insurance, credit savings and other payment facilities. Financial inclusion represents the easy access of financial services to the poor and low-income groups. One of the crucial functions of the financial system is to allocate the resources effectively for increase in production, increasing opportunities and reducing poverty. (microfinance). Over 40 % of the Indian population has income earning but no savings since they are excluded from the financial system. It has been almost 25 years since the birth of microfinance since its introduction by the Grameen bank. The UN Year of Microcredit in 2005 showed a turning point for Microfinance as the private sector began to take a more stern attention to what has been well thought-out as the field of NGOs. Even with all this enthusiasm about poverty alleviation and contribution of financial services the Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP) estimates that about only 5% reaches the poor clients (repository). India is a home growing and innovative sector to microfinance. India is likely to make microfinance its abode as it has a huge population of the worlds poor. One of the largest microfinance institutions is Self Employed Womens Association (SEWA) in India. It is the largest organization based in Asia to members who are poor, self-employed women workers earning less than US$1 per day. SEWA corresponds to a union of three movements the labor movement, cooperative movement and the womens movement SEWA builds the capacity of poor illiterate women to manage their own micro-enterprises. The staff is recruited and promoted from its own member groups, thus it has been able to develop managers who although illiterate, become professionals through practical experience. SEWAs combined approach to poverty alleviation comprises: (a) organizing for collective strength; (b) capital formation through access to financial services; (c) capacity building and (d) social security; to enhance womens productivity and to ensure that sudden crises are not a drain on their fragile economies. In 1972, SEWA was registered as a trade union that began in Gujarat in India. Though it started in the urban region of Ahmadabad yet their main focus group was the organization of poor yet self- employed women workers especially in the rural part of the region. SEWA has also spread its branches out in the national and international level. These women are the ones who earn their daily income through various small scale businesses or by working in agricultural lands and making handmade materials including hawkers, home-based workers and manual laborers. They do not acquire any regular salary like the people employed in the urban organized sector. They are the unprotected labour force of our country. Comprising of 93% of the labour force, women constitute about 94% from the unorganized sector. (www.sewa.org). This microfinance institution is registered under the Trade Unions Act of 1926 and is open for membership to all women all over India. In order to start organizing the finances, th e organization has introduced a membership fee of Rs 5 annually. An election is held for the representation of the organization. The union consists of a two tier level representation elected by the members. One representative member governs 100 members under ones group.  The union is governed by a two-tier level of elected representation. With globalization, liberalization and other economic changes, there are both new opportunities as well as threats to some traditional areas of employment. SEWAs first main goal is full employment ensuring work security, income security, and food security. The second is social security and self-reliance. At SEWA the main objective is meant to attain full employment and self reliance through the policy of hard work and growth. By full employment means employment whereby workers obtain security in matters of basic amenities such as work and social needs including food, health, shelter etc. There is a need for great effort against many obstacles, limitations and restrictions faced by them or enforced on them by society and the economy, These development activities done by microfinance institutions reinforce womens bargaining power and offer them new options. SEWA is not only an organization but also a movement that took place to bring up the downtrodden and the poor. In India, this larg ely self-employed segment forms roughly 90% of the whole economy. A collection of women consequently founded the SEWA bank as a co-operative to empower deprived self-employed women by making available for them financial services and access to credit to lessen their reliance on manipulative money-lenders (www.gdrc.com). About one billion people globally live in households below the poverty line earning about less than a dollar a day. Policy makers and NGOs who want to change the poor peoples lives face an uphill battle every day. There have been reports where major organizations like World Development Bank and other associations have extended a helping hand by granting the developing countries with financial aid however due to the bureaucratic behavior and corruption this aid has not reached the low level of the income strata. The grants given by the governments make matters worse by increasing the dependency of the poor and acts as a disincentive to the poor as they choose not to move ahead and develop. The microfinance institutions around the world continue to help the downtrodden by increasing their capacity to invest and improve their living standards. As James Wolfensohn, the president of the World Bank has been quick to point out that helping 100 million households means that as many as 500-60 0 million poor people could benefit. (Jstor) .Poverty alleviation is one of the most sought out strategies that every country encloses in its priority list however since decades this has failed due to loans not being repaid, cost of subsidies increasing tremendously and credit reaching the politically powerful rather than the underserved. The purpose of Microfinance institutions in India is to extend financial help to its client and to maintain financial sustainability. The microfinance chooses the groups for their financial transactions. These groups may be Self-Help groups. The group takes responsibility for the financial borrowings taken by the members. Even though a few institutions may require capital, the loan repayment method has become quite popular amongst microfinance organizations. Although these high repayment rates may seldom translate into profits. The institutions try and involve the governments as well and keep an eye on the incentives that chase off efficiency in peoples performance. Microfinance depends on pouring of finances from donors however the donors are against the continuous dependence on subsidies. The donors believe that subsidies should only be provided at the start of a project to cover up starting costs. (Murdoch) Self employed women workers and are quite active in the economic sense and therefore add to the expansion of the economy. They are primarily engaged in production, trade and the service sector as a whole. However, in spite of their uphill struggle and their input to the countrys overall gross domestic product, they have are not provided with any financial services, which could help them upgrade in their own labor and output. (www.sewa.org) These self-employed women cope with two major financial problems: shortage of working capital, and Non-ownership of assets. The banking sector was not responsive to the needs of these self- employed women and the money lenders were very exploitive in nature. Thus, sequentially to tackle this problem and liberate themselves from the cruel phase of eternal debt, the SEWA members came together with their own solution, in a meeting in December 1973: a bank of their own, where they could be privileged enough to be accepted and not to be made feel inferi or by the exploitative money lenders and indeed 4,000 women contributed share capital of Rs.10/- each towards the creation of the  Mahila SEWA Co-operative Bank (www.sewabank.org). In the year 1974 in May, the SEWA Bank was registered as a co-operative bank under the dual control of The Reserve Bank of India and The State Government. Since then it has been providing banking services to poor, illiterate self-employed women and has become a viable financial venture. (www.sewabank.org) SEWA started its own bank to provide women with access to microloans. Swashrayi Mahila Sewa Sahakari Bank is SEWA members largest cooperative, unheard of in India. The bank is in possession of the self-employed women as share holders; policies are devised by their own particular Board of elected women workers. The Bank is managed professionally by qualified managers liable to the Board. In 1974, SEWA Bank was established with 4000 members each contributing shares capital of Rs .10 each. Currently there are 93,000 active depositors. SEWA Bank in the year 1999, celebrated 25 years of granting financial services to the poor, self-employed women. Constantly in debt, our members initially brought up the matter of their need for credit so as to free themselves from the control of money-lenders and traders, to augment their businesses, build up assets in their own name, for childrens education, for the several crises including illness that they might occur and for many other purposes. (www. sewa.org). SEWA has been successfully lending money to women for various needs such as running a household or for their childrens education or weddings etc. Since women are achieving the two goals of the SEWA association they are ought to receive the support services such as health care, child care, insurance claim, legal help, communication services and capacity building. These services could be used for self-employment. Also women are ready to pay for these services which made the services financially viable. They dont have to depend on grants and subsidies for the use of these services. Some supportive services such as child and health care including savings and credit have formed their own co-operatives and have also gained operational self- sufficiency. Access to finance is a major problem for economically deprived women and in particular for poor self-employed women in countries that are developing such as hawkers, street vendors, home-makers, manual laborers and service contributors. As they do not save, disasters and compulsions time and again compel women to scrounge heavily. However, they do not posses the necessary experience and confidence to acquire credit from a financial institution in the recognized sector and the formal sector does not lend to the self employed women easily, therefore, one depends heavily on informal money-lenders, who charge exorbitant interest rates: This is usually the start of a negative skew of increasing indebtedness. SEWA Bank as a cooperative bank with the precise aim to provide credit to self-employed women with the vision to empower them and reduce their dependency on loan sharks. Initially, the SEWA Bank focused on drawing deposits from self-employed women and supplied it as an intermediary to facilitate depositors to procure loans from nationalized banks which are obliged to lend to the poor. In 1976, the SEWA Bank began to offer loans to its depositors from its own funds and steadily withdrew from the credit agreement with th e nationalized banks. The bank employs a woman who saves as a organizer between other women to encourage them to save in the bank as well. The organizer usually visits the women easy accessibility to the depositing of the savings by them. If a loan is required by a woman requires a loan, a member has to accompany her in order for that loan to be sanctioned. The bank scrutinizes the application process, carefully reviewing the applicants ability to generate income, standard of living, soundness of working conditions and capability to repay. Majority of the loans are unsecured; the process of approval takes about one week. If collateral is offered then the approval day is shortened and the loan could be granted the same day. Once the loan has been approved, the borrower is obligated to buy 5 % of the loan amount in bank shares and to open a savings account if she does not have one yet. Women are encouraged to register their savings account and their assets (such as working tools, house or land) in their own name (www. Gdrc.org). SEWA bank has also introduced various other schemes such as Crisis Mitigation Scheme, House Financing Scheme, Women Farmers Credit Scheme, and Sunrise Scheme for developing women businesses. Self-employed women need loans for an ample range of reasons; to obtain assets, raw materials, finished goods for resale, and trade-in old debts, improve their homes, buy transportation means or install amenities in their house, for instance electric and water connections. The bank gives long- term loans, i.e. 3-5 years, of no more than Rs. 50,000 which is an unsecured loan at the rate of 14.5%- 17% and the method used for this lending is the Diminishing Balance Method (This method is also applies a fixed percentage but it applies to the diminishing value of the asset and not to the initial value of the asset) (www .howto.co.uk). Each loan is sanctioned with a pre check of the house visit by a SEWA bank field worker. SEWA Bank has been supplying a wide variety of loan products to meet the product ive credit requirement of its clients. SEWA Bank necessitate a woman save regularly for at least one year, before she is eligible to apply for a loan. If there is an absence of traditional collateral, like jewellery or domestic animals a regular savings habit is considered a necessary form of security, in SEWA Banks experience of banking with the poor for over 25 years. SEWA Bank lays great emphasis on savings. All the self-employed women required a safe place to save their earnings and building up a credit loan from member savings was a very cost-effective method. SEWA bank introduced Indias first Micro-Pension Scheme. In April of 2006, SEWA members were approved to bond with a SEBI approved pension plan that presents no assured returns but permits up to 40 % collection to be invested in the Indian stock market. A number of countries were providing general insurance in India. Life insurance was nationalized and the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) became the only authorize d insurance life insurer. In 1992 SEWA started an integrated insurance programme for its members. It was started with the objective of providing a support to poor women in times of calamities. It is a collaborative effort of SEWA, SEWA Bank and the nationalized insurance companies. Currently, SEWA has its own insurance unit called VimoSEWA which insures women for life, health, assets, widowhood and accidents in Gujarat. Starting with 7,000 members, it has now reached more than 70,000 women in 11 districts of Gujarat state. The total number of insureds, women and men, is 90,000 (www.sewabank.org) Why do MFIs target women? Microfinance is a womens movement but there is a logic that MFIs tend to target women for the practical reason that they are willing to attend group meetings and to comply with savings and loan terms. They may also believe that women are more conscientious in using finance for the benefit of the family. Men, by comparison, prefer larger, individual transactions. Lending to women guarantees the microfinance that the money is well spent on education, health, housing, and nutrition, making sure that they maximum money is directed toward the benefit of the family and the community. Financial independence and security gains a woman respect in the society and she is looked up to by other people. Decisions to make own choices could help the family from the clutches of poverty and social exclusion. The SEWA Bank has broken the vicious circle of indebtedness and dependence on middlemen and traders, and this has increased the bargaining power of the women. Many of them have upgraded their skil ls, developed more business and increased their income. (www. The World Bank Global Learning Conference in Shanghai in 2004 confirmed the impact of microfinance: Studies have showed that microcredit programs positively affect a womans decision-making role, her marital stability, and her control over resources and mobility. The analysis establishes that a womans contributing to her households income is a significant factor towards her empowerment (tars) The world has failed to understand is that the poor are not victims of a system that failed or passive receivers of domestic and foreign aid. The poor have had the willpower and organization to take action to the problems that affect their lives. As long as affluent nations give out free donations and help to poor countries, the people themselves will never be empowered to break free from oppressive conditions of poverty. The poor, if given the opportunity for economic advancement, can and will prove to the world that they are capable and responsible citizens. There are five major criticisms of microfinance: it is does not reach the chronically poor of the population, it is not financially sustainable for institutions, it is potentially harmful to women (domestic abuse may result from husbands jealous of their wives new financial power), it can create a large debt for the poor, and it is not universal in application. Though these criticisms are valid, there is ample evidence to show that the benefits of microfinance outweigh the costs. There are various examples to show that microfinance can lead to an income increase, better opportunities for growth of the family as a whole, better education and employment. Microfinance also leads to empowerment of women especially in developing countries and alleviation of poverty. Microfinance could be the answer to secure success for the Millennium goals.

Heidegger On Traditional Language And Technological Language :: Heidegger Language Languages Essays

Heidegger On Traditional Language And Technological Language ABSTRACT: On July 18, 1962, Martin Heidegger delivered a lecture entitled Traditional Language and Technological Language in which he argues that the opposition between these two languages concerns our very essence. I examine the nature of this opposition by developing his argument within his particular context and in the general light of his reflections on language. In different sections on technology and language, I summarize much of what he had said in previous writings on the topic (viz., "Die Frage nach der Technik" and "Der Weg zur Sprache"), including his preliminary comments contrasting instruction with teaching, and characterizing this reflection in terms of its uselessness. The central issue connecting these seemingly varying themes is the status of education in our modern technological age and, more specifically, of instruction in the mother tongue. Heidegger’s concern for the status of instruction in the mother tongue is, as we will see later, directly connected to his distinction between the two forms of language. On July 18, 1962, Martin Heidegger delivered a lecture entitled ÃÅ"berlieferte Sprache und Technische Sprache (1) (Traditional Language and Technological Language) in which he argues that the opposition between these languages concerns our very essence. In this paper I examine the nature of this opposition by developing his argument in this particular context and in the general light of his reflections on language. Addressed to science teachers in a vocational school, Heidegger's lecture offers some relatively uncomplicated formulations of theses he had already developed mainly in "Die Frage nach der Technik" (2) and "Der Weg zur Sprache." (3) There are two main sections, one on technology, the other on language, which summarize much of what he had said in those previous writings. There is, however, a preliminary comment in which he contrasts instruction with teaching, and an introductory section in which he characterizes his reflection in terms of its uselessness. The issue connecting these seemingly varying themes here is the status of education in our modern technological age and, more specifically, of instruction in the mother tongue. Heidegger's concern for the status of instruction in the mother tongue is, as we will later see, directly connected to his distinction between the two forms of language. Speaking thus to his particular audience, Heidegger claims he is not instructing but teaching them in the sense of letting-learn, where learning comprises bringing our life into the correspondence with what grants itself to us in its essence.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Essay -- essays research papers

What do you understand by the phrase â€Å"stakeholder analysis†? Attempt a stakeholder analysis of an organisation that you are closely associated with. Introduction Stakeholder analysis is important for successful implementation of projects and/or strategic activities within any organisation. It is used to analyse the stakeholders in order to understand them and classify them according to their power, influence and interest. Stakeholders are people who have an interest in a commercial entity including those within the organisation and outside. These include the boss, senior executives, customers, suppliers, government, your co-workers, the team and others. All these people are important in the implementation and success of strategy. The tool stakeholder analysis is used to: - †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify people or groups and institutions that will influence your initiative †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anticipate the kind of influence, positive or negative, these groups will have on your initiative †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Develop strategies to get the most effective support possible for your initiative and reduce any obstacles to successful implementation of your program. The following are steps that may be followed in using stakeholder analysis: INDENTFY THE STAKEHOLDERS There is need to think of all people who are to be affected by the project or strategy, those who have influence or power over it or have an interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion. Stake holders for Delta corporation include:-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government departments( Zimra, RBZ, Min of industry trade and commerce, ministry of sports and culture)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Municipal authorities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standards association   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade union   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National employment council   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Directors and shareholders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suppliers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The community and the public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My family and extended family   &... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  Who else might be influenced by their opinions? Do these people become stakeholders in their own right? Talking directly to the stakeholders will help answer most of these key questions. For IT projects meeting the key stakeholders in a forum to review progress on the project is key to its success. Therefore a well drawn up project plan will ensure that there is enough representation of the stakeholders at the regular project review meetings. Identify those stakeholders that may try to bring to a halt or slowdown the successful implementation of the project. CONCLUSION In any project it is important to do a stakeholder analysis in order to be able to identify the stakeholders and prioritise them by power and their interest to the success of the strategy or project. Once you identify them there is need to fully understand what motivates them in this project and what might be done to get their much needed support, thereby reducing obstacles to successful implementation. There maybe need to dangle carrots in order to get buy in from key stake holders. Incentives and rewards goes a long way in motivating other stakeholders to get results oriented effort.

Payment security Essay

A business going online can face many diffuculties. These problems include payment security; unfamiliar markets; errors in ordering; loss of personal information; hostile attacks; keeping the website up-to-date; language problems/issues; hardware failure; staffing issues and financial issues. Payment Security When a customer buys a product by either debt or credit card they are be trusting the business with their personal details to be kept safe and confidentioal. Sellers are also not safe because they could be a victim of Card Not Present (CNP) fraud, this is where someone is using someone else’s card details to buy goods online. They may not have the card physically on them, but all they need is just the details of the card to be able to purchase. This can be kept safe by specific security standards. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) this encrypts the information in a browser eg: Internet Explorer which protects the consumers who can see a padlock symbol and also a ‘https’ on the address bar.SET (Secure Electronic Transfer) also protects the seller since the credit card company authorises the card to prove that the person using the card is legitimate. The seller does not know the card number, only to the card’s issuing bank. Unfamiliar Markets This is where a website is available everywhere and the company could be dealing with consumers in unfamiliar markets. Also with different cultural expectations, accuring with unfamiliar regulations and also legal requirements should be dealt with. The business may not understand the popularity of its website, or the number of orders it will receive or even the costs of running the online operations or more so the distributing goods. If the business doesn’t meet orders promptly it will rapidly lose customers and may even be left with unsold stock or even struggle to repay money borrowed to be able to finance the website development. Errors in ordering Order forms online are to be designed to automatically check fot any errors by questioning unexpected entries and boxes left blank. Also they should be designed to remind the consumer if they leave out any information Loss of personal information An online compay is not allowed to put private information on its website or reveal customer details to other customers or viewers. This is why websites include a privacy policy which says how customer information is used by only the business. All companys that keep and also process private information must register with the Information Commissioner’s Office and have to follow with the Data Protection Act 1998 which means that the data must be all accurate, secure and should not be kept for longer than necessary. There are manu aways data can be lost like through human error, hardware failure, or loss or theft and software corruption as well as computer virus. A daily system back-ups a business to enable the reinstall in its system within 24 hours of any problem occurring. Hostile attacks Business are vulnerable to hackers or other types of cybercrime. Financial fraud occurs when a customer or business is denied of money that is theirs. Keeping the website up-to-date Businessess need to update their website from time to time to make sure that the information they have is accurate and reliable eg: product descriptions and prices. All companies have a legal requirement to provide pricise and up to date information. Most websites have a disclaimer clause to protect the problem if a customer takes action based on wrong information. Language problems/issues Some buyers from multinational online business may not understand. These can be fixed by the firms using a local agent who specialises in overseas sales or they can have enquiries translated by an expert. Hardware failure All people who use computers depend on their Internet Service Provider. If that is lost, then it can cause many problems for the business especially if it’s offline for long. Many businesses have back-up servers that they can switch if one server goes down. Software problems may be caused by programming errors or through a virus. To stop this the, business installs an anti-virus software and network security. Staffing Issues Staff may be concerned that their jobs could be changed or disappear. Most companises have a call centre to answer customer queries. The staff now may feel that they may not have much personal contact with consumers as they now can order things online or email the company if they want information or they could contact a call centre if they have a question. Financial Issues Having to set up a small website can be done not very high priced but companies who like to carry out big amounts of companies online or use their website as a extreamly important way of promoting their business can be expensive. Also, having to calculate the estimated financial benefits is hard. The set-up expenses includes having to register the domain name, to be able to arrang for an ISP to host the site (if not being done in-house), having to pay the agency having specialists to design the website, the marketing and promotional costs (so that potential customers can acknowledge the website) and is nessary any staff training requirements. All companies go online to make more trade. There may be a problem if there is a massive flow of interest in the business. This could cause the site to crash or can make it run slowly and if there is not much stock or very few staff to process them, then the orders and enquiries may not be dealt with. Just simply by buying more stock or even employing more staff could result in a bad cash-flow problems. If the business gets a bad reputation online, it will lose customers rather than gain any. Task 2 (P6, M2) Business benefits The market research information from online enquires are all obtained and looked over for many different reasons. The logs and cookies collect all the information on site usage; eventhough users can see their browsers to close the cookies and also many sites don’t use them. Logs, however, are made by all websites this is because they are the records that are created by the web server. Records include the number of hits it has made, the number of visitors it had or even unique users to a website, and how long they have stayed on the site. Some ISPs look at their log file data for consumers while others provide a software and the compnay produces its own reports. Registration forms also allowe the business to find out about the who is  visiting their site, where the peson lives and also what they need. The onnline market research can go from small pop-up questionnaires (which assess a user’s online experience) to produce longer customer service questionnaires which is sent by email and then once they are completed, they are looked at to provide more market information. The website activity software finds which search engines get customers onto the website; also which pages are popular and also which landing pages result in users going off the website eg: a lengthy form or even registration page. Having access to a whole new markets can include having a remote locations such as rural areas or even Highlands and the Islands of Scotland (if they have Internet access). A new markets could also have customers which have disabilities who may have problems(mobility) or customers who are recovering from surgery or who camt go out as they are ill with a cold or flu. So having the internet provides easy and quicker access to a large range of information and fine priced products from their own homes. Under the Disability Discrimination Act, people in charge of websites are to have legal duty to make sure that the services they give on the Internet is available for disabled people. Customers which have travel difficulties e.g. mothers with young babies, the elderly. Meaning that the customers will not be able to go the shops physically as to the inconvenience it would cause them so it would be suitable for them to buy online. It would also be quicker and easier to buy things online and also receive information from the Internet. Having access from a wide range of devices can also make site be viewed from anywhere. Phones with internet accses, laptops and a Wi-Fi hotspot when they are not at home. Customer Benefits Having a wider choice is a great benefit for people who live in small town or even rural areas as they are able to view information online and they can also see what goods are available in store as they don’t live in places the stores aren’t available. Convenience is a massive benefit because having the internet, it is more easier to search and to order online than to have to travel to the shop. All online businesses are also very beneficial to the people who come home late from their work or those who are simply too busy in the day to shop. Websites that are available 24/7 helps those who are  busy as it would be easier for them to order online to make their life less stress. It also benefits busy families as all they need to so is simply sit with their computer/phone/laptop and just shop there and then. People with disabilities or special needs can also benefit from the online businesses as they also don’t have to go to the shops for hours just to look for one thing as they may get tired, so online businesses make their life easier. There are several ways to pay securely eg: over the internet, through log details and PayPal. Task 3 (D2) Risks Solutions Payment security Improving the security of the cardholder – they have entered the correct pin number, also asking them what their last payment on the card was to make sure it is the actual cardholder before any confirmations Unfamiliar markets Having an option where your website is available in many different languages . Also having the currency of different countries. Errors in ordering Having a database where you can store all the customers’ details eg: name, address, order and shipping date this will prevent any mix up with the orders. Making sure all the correct orders are going to the right address, the staff should always double check before they ship goods and also after the delivery; staff should alwaysa ask the customer if they ordered the goods. Loss of personal information Websites should never put personal information on the website as other users can see. All personal deatils should be kept confidential. Do not give personal information in emails and all customer details should be all kept in a secure files or database. Not keeping the website up to date If there is a new offer, or even price reduction, websites should include or change it in their website. In order for them to achieve this, the owner of  the website will have to check up on the website everyday for atleast a few hours to sort any latest information out and to also keep customers update to their products. If they do this, websites will become known for its reliability. Hardware failure Backup server is when the main server is down it can help prevent any hardware failure. Also making sure you have antivirus on the website and a network security which helps because there could be programming errors or even viruses that could potentionally change or delete information. Staffing issues In call centres, the staff can offer a call centre in which it support people and also trained staff can talk to customers so they can resolve any faults or connection problems. To get aways from having not much of personal contact with customers, staff should always stay and help the customers out. If they start off helping at first they then can build a better trust with them. Staff can also keep in touch with the customers and also stay with them until all their purchase is complete. To avoid any staff being unable to work with the technology, you can make sure all staff are capable with all the latest technology. Financial issues Having a small business can be a good thing as you won’t have to be spending as much money and you would also have a bigger income in which it can help you expand your business and it can also prevent you from having any financial issues in the future. If you start with a big business, you may not be getting much interaction and instead of making any profit, you’ll be making a loss instead. Therefore, starting out as a small business is the best way to avoid any financial issues. The business may think to much for their stock where there is not much for it this can impact on the company as it then will be making a loss. To prevent any of this, you may want to estimate very logically and sensibly. Payment Security This method help as you are able to know for sure who you are actually dealing with the real cardholder and to also avoid any fraud. The  likeliness of the problem going down is high as you will need a pin number as well as a security question if you are to forget it. Unfamiliar markets This method helps as it is available to different people all around the world. The likeliness of the problem going down is likely as you are sure that you have the option available just in case you do get someone not from the country that is viewing website. Errors in ordering The solution to having errors in ordering will decrease the risk as having a database with the customer’s name, an order and a order number and address will reduce the risk. This will make sure that the staff will know exactly who is ordering and what they have bought. Loss of personal information From having anything lost it should be be stored somewhere private where it’s not available for the public eye. It can be reduced and also the effectiveness of the method is good as long as information on the business website has nothing personal and is kept private. Not keeping the website up to date Customers will know always know the latest information and changes in your business. This is very important as it will help in the success of the business going online as the customers will feel that the business is reliable and up-to-date. Hardware failure Having a hardware and protecting it well and also a back up system will be a very good way of reducing the risks from hardware. Using these methods to solve the problem is effective for a business. This will effect as having a back up copy of all the information if it gets lost or deleted. Staffing issues The method for staffing issues are that the staff are able to communicate better with the customers and also have more of a personal approach with them, e.g. emailing requesting orders or deliveries. With the solution it is likely that the risk will reduce if staff has a personal email in which they are able to contact customers individually. Financial issues To not have problems of facing financial issues, by starting a small business instead of a large one can still be very beneficial. It is very likely that a business will not go into financial issues and will also not have to suffer from.

MBA admission

My long-term career goal is to manage a high-tech company in the field of electronics and communications. With over six years of experience in the technical aspects of high-tech product development, I bring considerable technical knowledge to this task, and hope to compliment this knowledge with a firm understanding of business fundamentals provided by the McCombs School of Business.My personal ackground is no less of an asset, as it allows me to understand people and business issues from a unique and mature perspective. I grew up in India and obtained a Bachelors and a Masters degree in Electrical Science from Delhi University. After that I attended the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and earned a second Masters degree in the field of laser technology. My professional career began in 1995 when I was hired by HCL-Hewlett Packard to work on computer hardware design in an office outside of Delhi.It was my first direct experience with state-of-the-art technology and the exciting e xperience convinced e to pursue a career in the high-tech arena. Within nine months, I traveled to the Netherlands to work as a consultant for Tulip Computers NV, then the largest manufacturer of computers in Europe. After six months abroad, I returned to India but was soon transferred by my parent company to NCR Corporation in South Carolina.Before I could be recalled, I left HCL-Hewlett Packard and looked for another Job since I had decided to settle in the United States. I worked briefly for an ill-fated start-up, but left when the company moved its operations to China. I started my current position at American Megatrends, Inc. , (AM') in 1998 and have been employed here for over three years. IVe been working on high-tech motherboard design and have worked my way up to the position of team leader.AMI has offered me a unique opportunity I haven't had in other positions: the opportunity to participate in all the steps of product development. As a pure engineering company, AMI has v irtually no high level management and the engineer is responsible for everything from product conception, to development, to manufacturing and marketing! I have seized upon this opportunity and greatly expanded my understanding of product development beyond the design stage. I interact very closely with the manufacturing group and have come to understand production issues.Understanding how our products are mass produced at the plant, and especially how the factory workers utilize the machines for manufacturing, has given me a perspective on human and material capital which will be of great use in management. I have also worked closely with the sales and marketing division, and have occasionally even traveled to customer sites. While I have gained much practical experience (both in terms of technology and in terms of leadership) through my work, I cannot see myself in the same position fifteen years from now.I want to take my electronics firm into a new direction and believe at tn th is vision can best be accomplished trom a position ot management. I have realized from my six years of work experience that a strictly engineering background is not sufficient to enable me to reach my goals. A sound understanding of business fundamentals, that can be obtained through the McCombs School of Business, will help me develop the management skills I need to analyze business situations and manage resources rationally.An MBA will build upon my practical experience and allow me to achieve a position of leadership. My personal struggle to obtain the life I have now has imbued me with an ambition to grow as an individual and to give back to the society that has given me so much. My practical work experience and unique outlook on life contribute toa compassionate leadership style and an ability to understand the needs of people from all levels of society.

Anti Depressants: An Overview

We must limit the number of young children who are administered antidepressants, as we do not have sufficient, if any, data regarding the effects of these drugs on the developing brain. Greater involvement from parents, teachers, ministers, and friends, as well as counseling and psychotherapy must all be used extensively before turning to the â€Å"quick fix† of antidepressants. In the last ten years, the psychiatric field has been flooded with a new group of antidepressants known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, or SSRIs. Michele Laraia defines an SSRI as â€Å"a group of compounds that block the reuptake of serotonin by the pre synaptic neuron† (6). By adjusting the level of serotonin, the mood-altering chemical which our body naturally creates, that reaches the brain, we can control the stability of a person's mood. Tania Unsworth writes that â€Å"almost 600,000 children and adolescents in the US were prescribed SSRI antidepressants in 1996† (1). A more alarming statistic, reported by Joseph Coyle, is that â€Å"there has been a 10-fold increase in the prescription of SSRIs in the US for children under 5 years old between 1993 and 1997† (1). Parents, teachers, and psychiatrists across the country seem a little too anxious to jump on the antidepressant bandwagon. Apparently, many people are willing to turn first to the quick fix of drugs rather than the more time consuming approach of counseling and psychotherapy, although these have proven to be much more effective in the long run (McDougle 1). The most common reason for the prescription of an antidepressant is depression. Until about ten years ago, depression was thought to be nonexistent in children. Depression is now found, using the same criteria used for adults, to be unquestionably diagnosable in children (Fishbein 1). Joyce Price notes that â€Å"the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry puts the number of significantly depressed children and adolescents at 3.4 million† (1). The consequences of depression for children include social dysfunction, academic underachievement, impaired self-image, and suicidal and anti-social behavior (Laraia 1). Depression is also commonly linked to other problems such as conduct disorder, attention deficit disorder, and anxiety disorder. In a survey done by Judith Asch-Goodkin, she reports that â€Å"of over 600 physicians surveyed, more than half (57%) had prescribed an SSRI for a diagnosis other than depression† (1). In some cases, of course, medication is really necessary in order to correct a persisting disorder or complex which, if left untreated, would continue to grow. However, in young children, drug use should be reserved for a final remedy, and even then used with great moderation. The problem with most prescriptions given to children is that these drugs are used simply as a quick fix. Claudia Kalb writes that â€Å"experts say frustrated parents, agitated day-care workers and 10-minute pediatric visits all contribute to quick fixes for emotional and behavioral problems† (1). Parents seem too eager to find an â€Å"excuse† for their child's behavior. The easiest excuse for a parent to digest is the suggestion that their child has a natural chemical imbalance, correctable by medication. This helps to put the parents mind at ease, assuring them that it is not their fault. In most cases the parents are so relived to find out that their child's condition is not their fault that they do not bother to look into other ways of helping their child; instead they put their trust in their doctor and do whatever he first suggests. Of course, the scariest thing about giving an antidepressant to a child is that less than 20 percent of the drugs used in children have been tested on children (Price 2). As a matter of fact, none of the drugs which fall in the category of an SSRI have been tested on children. However, since the FDA has approved them for use in adults, doctors can legally prescribe them to children (Crowley 1). The courts have always left drug treatment to the physician's â€Å"best judgment† (Fisher 1). In fact, Rhoda Fisher states that â€Å"prescribing physicians do not need any scientific proof that a particular drug is effective for the patient they have in mind to treat† (1). In addition, general practitioners and pediatricians do not, for the most part, have the psychiatric knowledge necessary for the prescribing of antidepressants. Determining which medication to use and when to use it can be a confusing task for these doctors (McDougle 1). Without the proper education, prescribing an antidepressant can be a shot in the dark. Rebecca Voelker found in a study of over 600 family physicians and pediatricians that â€Å"72% had prescribed an SSRI for a patient younger than 18 years. Yet only 8% of the physicians said they had received adequate training in the management of childhood depression, and just 16% said they felt comfortable treating children for depression† (182). Surely some method of regulating which physicians can prescribe antidepressants can be established. Furthermore, the vast majority of evidence, so far, suggests that antidepressants do not help childhood depression (Price 1). The body of a child grows far too rapidly for the drug level to remain constant in their body. Fisher goes on to put it more bluntly in saying that â€Å"in view of their negative side effects and clearly demonstrated lack of therapeutic effectiveness, it is inappropriate to treat the younger segment of the population with antidepressant medications† (2). Almost 80 percent of children who are put on medications were referred to doctors for school problems, yet antidepressants have been proven to be ineffective in treating school problems or nebulous behavior problems (Asch-Goodkin 1). Once again, another case where frustration in a child's behavior is put above the child himself. A quick and easy answer to everything does not always exsist. With no empirical evidence to support drug treatment in young children, many could argue that it is not only dange rous but unethical as well. Even in cases where medication is absolutely necessary, psychotherapy should always be a big part of the treatment. The goal of the medication should be to help the child learn to deal with their condition, hopefully drug-free at some point. Too many times the medication is used as the sole treatment. Christopher J. McDougle points out that † the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the AACAP, recommends psychotherapy as the initial treatment for mild to moderate depression† (1). He goes on to say that â€Å"the AACAP notes that SSRIs are never sufficient as the sole treatment† (2). It has been proven time and time again that most children are just reaching out and need an adult to show actual one-on-one attention to them. This is why psychotherapy is so very important. Children need that human contact. Of course, the primary concern in treating children with antidepressants is that we have absolutely no data on how these drugs affect the long-term brain development (Kalb 2). We are shoveling pills into the mouths of little children whose bodies and minds are at the most sensitive stages of their development, and we do not even know how these drugs will affect that. The pharmaceutical companies remain as the major funding sources for the study of various drugs and their effects on the body (Allen 6). The problem is that the law only requires them to test the drugs on adults. After that, it is up to the physicians who prescribe them. Allen explains their lack of ambition in pursuing such tests by claiming that â€Å"there is little incentive for the industry to conduct premarketing or post-marketing controlled treatment trials in children, since they are very expensive and raise liability concerns† (6). What is the key word here? Money. The pharmaceutical companies are not wil ling to shell out the extra money no matter what the costs. In his studies, McDougle found that â€Å"children and adolescents are more likely to have behavioral side effects; younger children being the most vulnerable† (5). Common side effects that are popular with younger patients are gastrointestinal distress, nausea, and anorexia (McDougle 3). Others common side effects are headaches, tremors, jitteriness, and nervousness (McDougle 3). Also, for some children hypomania, mania, and psychosis have all occurred (McDougle 4). On the other side of the mania disorders are the many different sleep disorders caused by these drugs. McDougle†s studies go on to show that â€Å"SSRIs, like virtually all antidepressants, alter sleep architecture, decreasing total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and the total duration of rapid-eye movement sleep† (3). The result of this is children who suffer daytime sedation, insomnia, and vivid, frightening dreams. In one of McDougle†s study groups, 42 percent had wild, vivid dreams that resul ted in the subjects injuring themselves enough to require hospitalization (5). Another concern, reported by Rhoda Fisher, is the scattered cases of children dying â€Å"suddenly and unexpectedly† (2). This may be linked to Serotonin Syndrome, a condition which can be derived from just one seronergic agent (McDougle 5). Children suffering from Serotonin Syndrome will experience fever, muscular rigidity, and a drastic mental status change. Also, they may be affected by hyper pyrexia (temperature above 105 degrees farenheight)mandating aggressive cooling, muscular paralysis, and intubation (McDougle 3). The time has come when we must demand that the pharmaceutical companies, physicians, and psychiatrists be better regulated. The changes made would be minimal but their outcome would be incomparable to anything else. Certainly, we must protect the health and the rights of young people who may not be able to do so for themselves. Medication is just a part, and a small part at that, of the therapeutic process. All options outside of medication should be thoroughly exercised before moving on to the next phase. Parents, teachers, and ministers must first do their part before recommending a child for professional care. After that, strict regulations must be put on doctors and psychiatrists to ensure that only those knowledgeable enough to prescribe antidepressants to children can do so. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical companies must be forced to test their products on any age group that might have access to these drugs. It is critical to the future of our society that we stop drugging are youth and look for more natural approaches.

Cooking Paper Essay

In the article by Mark Bitten, he makes the agreement that most people can feed themselves a healthy meal at home for less money than a meal from the local fast food establishment. His position is that food cooked at home is more nutritious, better for the environment and better for families in general. I agree with Mark Bitten, Junk food such as McDonald’s which most lower income families have for dinner cause its cheaper instead of having something healthy like broccoli which is less affordable is the problem America is having. All of this junk food is the reason why Americans are so overweight, when in fact hyper processed food remains more expensive than food cooked at home. The government subsidies given to the fast food companies are ridiculous. There are five fast-food restaurants for every super market in the United States. The adjusted inflation price of fresh produce has increased by 40 percent while inconceivable the price of soda and processed food has decreased by as much as 30 percent. There could be hundreds of arguments and statements made about this article but what it comes down to to stop our country from dying is real cultural changes. Cooking at home and making food had to become part of normal life, Americans need to see that McDonald’s is hurting them more then it’s helping them. There addictive behaviors are influencing younger kids to be born into bad habits and start a chain of obesity and eating bad. Efforts are being put into slowly stop this, Grocery stores in California are making things affordable for low income people, Zoning laws are restricting the number of fast food restaurants in certain areas, and there have been several programs to educate and build fresh food areas around America. Personally I have not eaten McDonald’s, Wendy’s or Burger King in 11 years and have made efforts to show how bad there food really is and how harming it is. Hopefully people can see the negative effects Junk food has on American’s and the positive effects cooking food at home it has on American’s and this problem can be resolved so we can live in a better world.

Australian Oligopolistic petition-Free-Samples for Students

On 30 th May 2017, the Financial Review published an article by James Frost titled; â€Å"Treasurer attacks banks, pushes out levy due date.† This article is centered on Treasurer Scott Morrison’s speech wherein he criticized the Australian banking sector as an oligopoly whose continued operation has had detrimental financial disadvantages to all Australians. The Treasurer argued that the cheap funding costs, internal modelling benefits and dominant market share have placed the big four banks at an advantageous position thus enabling them squeeze petitors to the wall. The treasurer referred to the House of Representatives Economic mittee whose review of the big four banks concluded that the banking sector is an oligopoly with the major banks having significant pricing power. This concentration of market power in the sector is a systemic risk that continues to hurt the economic interests of the population at large. Mr. Morrison stated that the government was keen on altering the state of affairs and the planned introduction of the bank levy was a move towards improving petition in the banking sector, although concerns remain whether the levy costs will be passed on to customers. However, there were mixed reactions when it came to light that as per the draft legislation, the first payment had been pushed back to March 21 st .   While this push had been said to affect revenue collections, the Bankers Association Chief Executive Anna Bligh we ed the move to avoid â€Å"rushing a hastily designed policy.† Further concerns have been raised with respect to the draft legislation such as the likely tax grab effect on all accounts and the fact that the policy is not intended to apply to foreigners. Whereas neoclassical economists have elaborated what a petitive market entails, politics and business lobbying have made meaningless the idea of petition in Australia’s banking sector. Though the Australia Bankers Association argues that the banking market is petitive, of all the over 100 banks, societies and credit union operating in Australia, it is only four banks that control over 84 per cent of the mortgage market in Australia (The Australia Institute, 2017). The four banks have drawn benefit from the banking oligopoly that focuses on safe and high-margin mortgages (Janda, 2016). The banks managed to convince the regulatory body to allow them set aside lower sums of money to cover potential losses. This move allowed the banks to provide more mortgages without necessarily having to raise more capital from shareholders. As a result of this immense market dominance, it is argued that the big banks were abusing their market power. This dominance enabled them to enjoy record h igh profit margins for many financial years but scandals involving rigging of interest rates, poor financial advice and insurance frauds brought into question the exploitation and unaccountability that these banks have enjoyed for so long (Kaye and Westbrook, 2016). As of late 2016, there was a public outcry to alter the status quo to correct the financial systemic errors and it was agreed that reform had to be undertaken to cure the situation. Consequently, a parliamentary inquiry into the major banks was missioned with the objective of encouraging petition and monitoring the sector closely. The House Economics mittee made proposals thereafter to have reports filed to the government twice yearly and r mended the doing away with constraints in obtaining licenses. To ensure transparency in loan pricing, it was proposed that banks should be required to share with each other customer data. Further r mendations included the setting up of a Banking and Financial Sector Tribunal at the cost of the banks and that banks had to name executives responsible for major breaches a panied with a detailed explanation of the specifics of the breaches (Shapiro, 2016). In the 2017 budget, the Treasurer seems to have taken huge consideration of the need to introduce reforms to the banking sector. These reforms entail a bank levy in the form of tax targeting the major banks and the introduction of further measures that will promote petition and accountability in the banking system (Hawkins and Sanyal, 2017). From the foregoing discussion, it emerges that the major causes of the so-called systemic errors in the banking sector are as a result of lack of petition and transparency in the sector. The 2017 budget reforms are therefore a we ed move that should be zealously implemented to cure the defects in the banking sector. One r mendation to achieve this ou e is to address the concern that the banks may pass the tax costs to the customers. Although it has been assured that the tax does not apply to bank deposits or mortgages, it is r mendable that the Australian petition and Consumer mission should monitor closely to ensure the banks do not mislead customers in a bid to defeat the objectives of the reforms. Further, there is also need to address the unfair advantage that is enjoyed by the major banks due to the generally accepted assumption that in the event of a crisis, these big banks will most certainly receive government support. This perception endears these banks to financiers as opposed to their petitors. To ensure this inequity is removed from the picture, reforms should be adopted to provide for a criteria of ensuring that the small banks also receive monetary support from the government in the event of a crisis. This measure will lead to the realization of a fairly petitive market in terms of the neoclassical economic standards. The fact that Australia’s banking sector is an oligopoly is undisputed. It is mendable that the government is taking measures to address the disquiet that has been evoked by the unpleasant state of the sector. Politics aside, all stakeholders need to work together to ensure the proposed reforms are fully effected and that further measures as r mended above are taken to ensure   fair petition and transparency are upheld. This way, confidence and trust will be restored in the financial sector of the economy. The government should also focus on other sectors of the economy that are not petitive enough such as the energy sector Degotardi, M. (2012). petition in Banking. [Pdf] Available at: https://www2.deloitte /au/en/pages/ economics /articles petition-in-banking.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Frost, J. (2017). Treasurer delays bank levy, pushes petition argument. [Online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr /business/banking-and-finance/financial-services/bank-levy-bill-introduced-aims-to-aid petition-in-oligopoly-market-20170530-gwg7pv [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Hawkins, P. and Sanyal, K. (2017). A levy on major banks and improving accountability for bank executives – Parliament of Australia. [Online] Aph.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201718/Banks [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Janda, M. (2016). The banks are too big for the nation's good — here's why. [Online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-31/janda-aus-banks-are-too-big/7789830 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Kaye, B. and Westbrook, T. (2016). Australian watchdog says bank 'oligopoly' needs more reform. [Online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters /article/us-australia-banks-idUSKCN12E0F3 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Morrison, S. (2017). Building an accountable and petitive banking system | The Hon Scott Morrison MP. [Online] Sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au. Available at: https://sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/044-2017/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Shapiro, J. (2016). Bank oligopoly 'adverse' for consumers. [Online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr /business/banking-and-finance/financial-services/bank-inquiry-report-targets-big-four-oligopoly-20161124-gswfb5 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. The Australia Institute. (2017). Bank customers pay for oligopoly. [Online] Available at: https://www.tai.org.au/node/614 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017] With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

Impact of Motivation and Determination on Professional Sales Essay

Impact of Motivation and Determination on Professional Sales - Essay Example An individual needs to sell a product or a service to the customers, by convincing them of its value and features and how it can help them improve their lives. Although it may seem to be quite simple, its execution can be quite difficult depending on the nature of the products or service being pitched and the mental setup of the customers. Typically, the customers are quite sceptical towards a sales pitch and try to avoid a salesman, which even makes it difficult for them to sell their product. Such challenges bring occasional failure for a salesman and can easily de-motivate him to leave this line of work. However, in order to succeed in the field of professional sales, one must be sincere and self-motivated to push his way against all odds (Pinder, 269). The movie depicted that Christopher had been pushed down by a series of unavoidable consequences that forced him and his son to spend the night in a public toilet at a train station. Despite all odds, he never lost hope on life and kept pushing till he achieved what he wanted. Christopher showed sheer determination to work his way to turn around his life. In scenarios like this, self-motivation played a major role in one’s performance in his professional and personal life. In a profession of a sales individual, failure is quite common where he faces rejection from customers, pressure from supervisors and fear of losing his job. These factors negatively influence their life and often lead to depression and poor professional performance.

W200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

W200 - Essay Example Because, the brothers were drunk the brothers do not think they should be held liable for causing the bodily harm to Carol. Even though Andrew and Bob are trying to pass off that they would have never committed this crime if they had not been drunk. The two of them still knew what they were doing despite being drunk. The crime against a person is that they were attempting to abuse, and scare Carol, but Carol ended up injured. When Carol ended up injured there was a criminal act committed. The criminal act was negligence on behalf of Andrew and Bob, but it was still a criminal act. Andrew and Bob can both be prosecuted on charges of criminal negligence. Because, Andrew and Bob were drunk they were negligent and caused harm to carol. If Andrew and Bob would not have been so childish to move the latter then Carol would not have fallen. Just because Andrew and Bob were drunk does not give them an excuse to shake the latter, and to move it off of the wall. This is the only reason Carol fe ll from the latter. Neither of the brothers made an attempt to catch Carol as she fell backward from the latter. So, Carol was seriously injured with a fractured skull. If Andrew, or Bob would have attempted to catch Carol as she fell from the latter, Andrew and Bob might not be facing criminal charges. However, neither brother attempted to catch Carol, so both Andrew and Bob will be brought up on criminal charges of negligently causing bodily harm to someone. The charge is negligently because they were not in their right states of mind. If Andrew and Bob had not been drinking, Andrew and Bob would not have moved the latter away from the wall, or at least attempted to catch Carol as she fell from the latter. B.) The criminal liability the brothers will face for the attack on Dennis is that they attacked a police officer. When a citizen attacks a police officer it is a criminal offense. Police officers are protected from the average citizen harming the police officer. When the two br others attacked Dennis the two brothers infringed upon the protections offered to police officers. Dennis can criminally charge the two brothers for an offense against a police officer. Andrew and Bob are also resisting arrest by kicking and cutting Dennis. If Andrew and Bob would have surrendered to the police officer then Andrew and Bob would not be in so much trouble. But Andrew and Bob were resisting the attempts of Dennis to arrest the brothers the brothers assaulted Dennis by kicking, and cutting him. The brothers then proceeded to run. When the brothers ran the officer could charge the brothers with resisting arrest. Then the brothers were also charged with the criminal offense of assaulting a police officer. This is of course on top of the charges for the criminal negligence on the assault of Carol. Now the brothers face more charges than they did prior to the officer coming to the home. Now the brothers have to consider what to do when they are arrested and brought up on mo re charges than the original charges. This could add more time on to the sentence Andrew and Bob faced for the criminal negligence in the attack on Carol. When Andrew and Bob negligently assaulted Carol the police allowed them to return home on bail. Then the police came back to arrest Andrew and Bob, but Andrew and Bob did not want to get arrested. If they would have just allowed themselves to be taken down to the