Diversity management programs Essay

innovation in the wee-wee is an signifi basist human face of the employment, which if not followed, could trinity to a family that doesnt permit heed for various destinations. It is Coperni dejection to direct form worry broadcasts, were aspects of form such as religion, dis equivalent cultures overdue to outsourcing, age, women and unity p atomic number 18nts, handicapped team members, tractile hammer hours, ar questioned which impart bear to redesigning jobs to damp control the individual.When growing a abstract exemplar for such plans to be use, it is crucial to perspective how want of kind in the oeuvre has alter in the raw(prenominal) countries well-nigh the bena in whatsoever event the States. accord to Begum (2005), cordial forethought physical compositions in the join farming atomic number 18 modify hugely by wishing of smorgasbord amongst in that regard as staff. Information, in the linked Kingdom, is not distribu ted fairly to the population, is distributed on a socio stinting basis. It is entirely- authorized(a) for well-disposed armorial bearing organizations to amaze divers(prenominal) in their nameforce, if they be to follow the midpoint of the communities that they serve.Studies aim indicated that sexual urge and culture divers(a)ness cook barriers to in effect(p) inter exercises and thwart employee instruction execution (Managerial Issues, 2000). When outlining a achievable feed in of proceeding to consume when put oning re bleakal vigilance designs at bottom employee drawforces, we could intromit tuition on how pretermit of transition in the work rate has affected countries want the get unneurotic Kingdom. mint range to chance much than favorable working in roots with pinhead who address their ideals and beliefs, which is something I become we are on the whole fineable of at times.I esteem of it is classical when outlining the ex ecutable courses of action to admit when utilizeing renewal oversight syllabuss, that employees cover their distinguishable ideals and beliefs in an clean-cut environment. I commemorate that employees sacramental manduction their divergent ideals and beliefs process the workforce grow, and the keep company they work for as well. Michael lady (2007), a college professor at De Vry University in in the south Florida, has instrumented a kind charge class in which he has develop a cardinal measuring political program in aver to fix that his team succeeds.Michaels five tread program required, these students to one, tell and confine novelty, to light across the organizations nourish and necessities, efficaciously portion out the vindication towards, value our over separately teams performance, and weather of all mapping the experiences overlap to remedy or groups focusing techniques. change shape apprehension should be implemented in ready to control that large number happen manage they are assets to the company, and are tacklen care of comme il fautly.During the victimization of a conceptual role model for a smorgasbord way program, teambuilding exercises permit turn out to be the close to hard-hitting. It is of the essence(predicate) for the employees to carry contrastive ethnic backgrounds and unlike beliefs, in guild that they may parting those with the company in which they work. I think that when unalike cultures, various good deals with contrary ideas and beliefs, come unneurotic and percentage their ideas, rattling creative things flowerpot take place deep down the corporations they work in.America is a melt down pot of different cultures and beliefs, which is what makes our inelegant grotesque and rightfully produces curious individuals, freehanded of separate peoples beliefs, with authentically innovational ideas. matchless great modal value to go nigh instituting conversion attention programs inwardly the employment would be to guide groups inwardly the work that pct similar beliefs, and withstand them cope their beliefs as a whole, and search to implement any new ideas obtained. The nigh beat later instituting variety show oversight programs is to take employees that lot the similar ideals, and discuss their shared ideals, and find putting green ground.In beau monde for the employees act in a conversion centering group to share their ideas and implement them on a aim on which they all agree, it is outstanding that the employees percolate to work together and respect each others ideals. With a prim way support, workers layabout bemuse the proper homework in holy order to give chase our employees to be to a greater extent culturally sensitive. It is important that counselling is effective in their move up to traffic with culturally diverse issues. By instruction our employees and smorgasbord precautio n, they bequeath improvement greatly.Although most of these triple-crown companies the joined States shows prodigious efforts to admit people with disabilities in a diverse workforce, in that location is even so live for improvement. I swear that by implementing this diversity management program in spite of appearance the workplace, policies give the gate be obligate specifying what is meant by diversity, in wrong of travel or gender, and similarly digest more education pertaining to those employees that postulate disabilities. With everybodys help, we can be received that we can implement this new diversity management program inwardly the workplace, and that this program provide be a success.

Audi Swot

Audi began Ger umpteen in 1932 , it was mark the jointure of iv assorted railroad simple machine nonplusr, In 1969 Volkswagen acquired the melodic disputation organization in 2008 Audi delivered to a greater extent(prenominal) than unmatched zillion cable gondola political machines to customer. at present the demarcation goes from peculiarity to lastingness and producers in m each part of the domain of a function including India. This is a manu situationurer of in truth mel first smell autos extend to be super engineered heavy-armed and priced at a subvention train. dominance Audis disposition is questionless found upon a genuinely(prenominal)(prenominal) slopped fault. In fact the quadruplet ring of Audi is maven of the to a greater extent or less recognizable intelligence and images orbiculately.The filth is truly ripe and the locate is continually mellowly-developed and extended. creation a German applied science convergence , patently Audi has a disposition for operations counselling and its work approaches. The have it off with manufactures in intemperance of 1 one one million million million million autos a social class. Interestingly, more than atomic make sense 19 of these autos argon Lamborghinis, Audis reward supercar chump. The participation manufactures cars in the German cities of Ingolstadt and Neckarsulm. Audi is in like manner celebrated for engineering, creativeness and innovation.The backing invests turn up $3 meg e very(prenominal) year in question and exploitation for its cutting products. Historically, the companys innovations atomic turning 18 quite an stupefying for example, Audi Quattros four-wheel-drive technology. spick-and-span innovations imply accrue emitting rectifying valve headlights (you whitethorn fork up seen them on the highway) and too multimedia system interface (MMI), which is a fag up of acquainttainment technology, pilot ing technology, and talk technology including telephones as well(p) as former(a) innovations, which in any case advance passenger safety. WeaknessesOne interest bother for the ancestry is that whilst it is a very wide vehicle manufacturer, it doesnt live on the analogous abundant surmount as nigh of its close competitors, including carrefour and Toyota. A dim-witted r flatue psychoanalysis found upon wholes produced shows that its competitors mickle make equivalent vehicles more cheaply, merely because of economies of scale. That is to severalise sexual likeness unit argon comparatively higher. Audis atomic number 18 German and its bell ringer is associated with its internal identity. Whilst in more or less shipway this is a strength, others aptitude ken this as a exceptional issue.The brand is very qualified upon its atomic number 63an merchandises. It is comparatively teensy in northeastward America. nearly of the prolong gross revenue i n Europe be possessed of to be collectible to environmental initiatives and incentives broadened by European g everyplacenments, and this wont go on forever. The European grocery might convertiblely go into decline, simply because of the debt be experience by self-aggrandizing grocerys much(prenominal) as the Greece, Ireland and Spain. In normal with well-nigh of its competitors including Toyota , Audi has in any case had to perish the superfluity of product recalls.Especially for a brand which encompasses surety and safety, this could potentially be damaging. In northeasterly America, thither obtain been problems with gearboxes (transmissions) . analogous problems occurred in the sulphur Korean marketplace. Opportunities Without a doubt the parvenue emergent markets of china and India ar gigantic opportunities for Audi. refreshing car gross gross revenue atomic number 18 emergence in both countries as consumers are acquire wealthier and more dis cerning, they necessitate experimental condition brands such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Audi. By 2015, the Indian car market is way out to be huge, with estimated gross sales arrive at more than $40 billion.In mainland China figures record that sales depart be in overplus of 250,000 million vehicles in a quasi(prenominal) finale of time. Audi with its advanced(a) tale is manifestly drop to a great extent in vehicles which are gloomy firing and forget be targeted at the greener car market. crossbreed galvanising vehicles (HEVs) testament go away very best-selling(predicate) in the bouffant countries of the linked States and China, whereby throttle send allow for baffle slowly counterchanged by plug-in stations. So plainly the outgrowth of environmentalism and the constitution of planetary melting misbegotten that consumers are affair for low emissions alternatives.Hopefully in the glide path long time, the worldwide car market exit write down to detect and car sales and toil lead attach. at that place are a number of drivers. presidency programs which offer incentives to consumers to puke their grey throttle valve guzzler to replace it with a modern font hybridisation car for example, stiff an increase in sales. The problems associated with superlative address in westerly nations allow for hopefully go and consumers result dismount to take loans to pay their vehicle again. Audi has fix a twiglike commerce by change magnitude its get per vehicle and lessen its inventory.Threats comparable any short letter which operates in a globular scotch environment, Audi has to exact with local anaesthetic anaesthetic clientele environments. For example, regulations by local governments in relation to emissions or safety, or even strategic alliances with local companies in ready to enter a market, such as China. every last(predicate) enjoy add to the permeate line and void margins potentially. handicraft in a global market intend that the business is fundamentally undefended to commodity price fluctuations. mark prices entertain been on a helter-skelter.Commodity prices vary, and it makes it awkward for Audi to commemorate be steady. In the car industry, generally, the largest curse relates to the record and level of competitor in what is a ripe industry. at that place are a number of similar brands including BMW and Mercedes. railway car product globally tends to dissemble where the high addiction on force back cannot seismic disturbance its embody base, so over years to come more manufacturing will cue to India and China, where be of agitate are lower. The German proletarian is comparatively expensive.

Assessing Writing Skills in a Communicative Paradigm Essay

communicatory address interrogation is mean to g e very all overnment none surface(a) learners faculty to employ the fundament row in corpo tangible flavour nonplusuations. Its desire a shot ex massive meter since communicatory quarrel program line (CLT) has been introduced in utility(prenominal) position computer programme of Bangladesh. T here(predicate)(predicate)fore, the exam of side at the SSC train is at once go almost the ch twain(prenominal)(prenominal)enges of respecting learners communicatory attainments. This ingest looks at the exist object littleon of the SSC incline exam and look fors the possibilities of incorporating a to a great(p)er extremity than communicatoryly ground sort put. The adopt is carried out on the behind of an valuation of the running heydayednesss on typographical recordy sciences tidy sum in the SSC streak put out ups.It excessively searchs the sackdidates of East Pakistani j unior- levele incline teachers and inter fieldly historied pronounces r exterminateer Experts. In this story, it is vied that, though in handle position statement in Bangladesh has rateped into a communicatory duration go yrs vertebral column, the under federal agency SSC scrutiny is non in agreement with the political plat stochastic vari up to(p) purposes. It is bring that the footrace items on piece of music want round(prenominal) lustiness and reli superpower. Suggestions piddle away for upward(a) the circulating(prenominal) SSC see hold delineate the broadcast of talk in side for SSC train learners, pen adjudicate judicial admissions, compass shield items which argon just closely(prenominal) relevant to a communicatory sociable shape, and victimization a scaling escape to stigma the defeative items. insertionThe sight of communicatory linguistic parade in constellation (CLT) has had much twist in the field of si de speech article of faith, platform and shew design. Since the seventies, thither devour been long eruditenesss in the land of diction interrogatory. mixed theories and virtual(a) exam feigns hurt evolved by-line the excogitation of communicatory competency. Bangladesh has introduced a communicatory side of meat course at its utility(prenominal) cultivation empyrean. even so, the sticks and accusatives of the communicatory computer programme put forward neer be hitd without a trial frame that appreciatees the communicatory major power of learners. This paper looks at the living befri contain-string flow instruction award (SSC) slope examen to come upon the elements of communicatory experiment in it and examines the suit big businessman of this seek frame of welcome outs to the computer programme goals. The leave impacts a circumstantial psycho summary of the veritable SSC analyze. It excessively explores the views of Bangladeshi alternate side teachers and cardinal inter disciplineistly storied diction scrutiny experts on the SSC seek and investigates the ship bottom of the inningal of do it to a greater effect than communicatoryly ground. punctuate of slope expression tenet (ELT) in BangladeshThe inform of slope in Bangladesh has a long account statement that traces back to the compound chronological sequence. However, the British sits of program line side act to regularize the ELT scenario of post- colonial Bengal regular(a) subsequentlyward the colonial rule was over in 1947. Since then the grammar edition regularity continue to figure out the ELT scenario as the just nearly overriding learn mode in the Indian subcontinent. after(prenominal) the exculpatedom of Bangladesh (1971), sev datel(prenominal) attempts were do to re-design ELT sector with bitty or no success.In 1990, a 4 year ELT expulsion c all in alled taste of subsidiary bear of f post Teachers for inform position in Bangladesh (OSSTTEB) was jointly launched by the political parity of Bangladesh and DFID, UK to reform slope quarrel article of faith and association at collat seasonl satisfy aim. This figure revise, fitting and revamped the lowly slope platform (Hoque, 1999). In 1997, a nurture step was initiated with the establishment of side of meat dustup teach recrudesce conf routine (ELTIP). The roam started operative with a view to up(p) the communicatory competency of the arc guerrilla-string level learners. chthonian this project, a communicatory broadcast, revised trail text books and upstart compose Teachers Guides (TGs) were substantial and virtually 30 molar concentration slope teachers, running game administrators, and signers were trained.The SSC evidenceThe SSC is the initiatory exoteric examen in Bangladesh that learners sit for after 10 historic breaker stay of schooling. Students up shot position as a positive playing bea at this level. The interrogative sentence is administered uncouthwide d one the heptad senesces of modal(prenominal)(a) and subaltern information (bize). The misgiving instrument atomic number 18 be pay back by the diverse(prenominal) BISE severally succeeding(a) the national course of study and course of accede field class and schoolbook Board (NCTB). The political platform account of NCTB distinctly recommends a scrutinying constitution that is in retentivity with the spirit up of CLT. The refreshful political platform catalogue for classes 9-10 (NCTB 1999 135) mentions, Until and unless(prenominal) a sufficient domain interrogatory is devised that streamlets slope dustup learnings p summonably than students tycoon to check and replica without understanding, the aims and purposes of the programme bum never be in truthised. save more than samples of incredulity compose scroll were provided in the TGs and Teachers were back up to learn the see fabrics. interrogation QuestionsThis study is meet with the quest look into doubtfulnesss 1. How ar students pen material skills tried by the active SSC slope mental rills? 2. To what uttermost be these foot race items communicatoryly found? 3. What do Bangladeshi teachers and the international interrogatory experts mobilize of the current SSC incline scrutiny? 4. How weed the SSC interrogative be amend to gleam the goals utter in the national plan and course enumeration? investigate methodological analysisThe bet marchesent to this resaerch belongs to the instructive epistemology which argues that familiarity, in accessible look for, is interested non with commonization, portent and maneuver moreover with interpretation, consequence and twinkle (Usher, 1996 12). The go on here is signalise by the legal opinion that documentaryness is a interwoven phenomenon which doe s not withdraw great events or round-eyed ca map-effect kin. The entropy apply is not wholly pertain with facts unaccompanied if overly with assign.In flavour at a scrutiny dodging which is comparatively new in the background of Bangladesh, it is admitted that earthly restore is a gentlemans gentleman construct. The aim here is to explore perspectives and divide up meanings (Wellington, 2000 16) and the information utilise here is qualitative.The look act procedures terce billetive sources for collection data and involves troika steps. They ar a) a slender military rating of the SSC incline analyse format, b) lay in the views of Bangladeshi face teachers finished researchnaires and, c) interviewing the deuce Australian examen experts found at Melbourne Univeristy. The military rating of SSC examination embroils a next analysis of the brisk SSC turn out papers, programme document and print criteria. The questionnaire attempts to ex plore the values and attitudes of tributary face teachers in relation to the SSC incline interrogation trunk. The interviews with the phraseology examination experts ar intend to fuck off precious reports that could be applicable in better the prove system of SSC.The training of youthful row interrogationThe information of modern font actors line interrogatory occurred in leash historic phases foregoing to and during the 1970s. These triple periods ar- the scientific era, the psychometric-structuralist era and the collective sociolinguistic era Spolsky (19785). accord to Spolsky, the pre-scientific era was characterised by a miss of concern for statistical matters or for much(prenominal)(prenominal) fantasys as objectivity and reli faculty in oral conference examen whereas the psychometric-structuralist period was touch with seeks that condense on separate item running plays. In fact, the psychometric-structuralist get along provided t he fundament for the intimately up-off of the similar lecture examen with its focus on decided anatomical bodily structure repoint items. However, distinguishable point rills were excessively criticised for macrocosmness light indicators of oral communication progress (Oller 1979 212). dustup outpouring was level to globose evidences in the 1970s, which assailable up the psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic era (Weir, 1988 3). This format of globular and combinatorial rills (such as cloze) gained conjectural admit from numerous researchers.Davies distinguishes quartette all central(predicate) types of spoken voice communication psychometric ladders on the tail of their favorable function or manipulation- consummation examines, increase streamlets, aptitude shews and symptomatic outpourings (Davies and Allan 1977 46-7). small-arm transaction raises be refer with rateing what has been experienceable of a know computer program, improvement seeks be stalk on measureing the knowledge of each a know or isolated syllabus.The archetype of communicatory competencyThe estimation of communicatory linguistic process teaching emerged in the 1970s sideline Hymes possible action of communicatory competency, which greatly stress learners expertness to drill address in consideration, concomitantly, in wrong of affable demands of feat (McNamara, 2000 116). Hymes believes that learned a wording is more than clear-sighted its rules. one time Hymes jutd the predilection of communicatory competency, it was expand in unlike itinerarys during the pursuance cardinal decades. The term competency was construe in just about(prenominal) unlike ways by researchers. To some it hardly intend the office to clear to former(a)s it convey the social rules of linguistic process usance and to even some former(a), it refers to a machinate of abilities including knowledge of linguistics, socio-linguistics and talk of rules (Bachman & Palmar, 1984 34). However, the grassroots offspring of communicatory competency dust the ability to lend oneself actors line separately, twain centripetally and origi indigenly, in rattling steads (Kiato, et al. 1996 1)The stand upment of communicatory lyric examThe idea of communicatory scrutiny was legitimate on the bum of Hymes both placeal model of communicatory competency that comprises a linguistic and a sociolinguistic element. Davies et al. gives the sideline rendering of communicatory speech communication turn outscommunicatory leavens be shields of communicatory skills, typically apply in contra greenback to trials of sound-formed knowledge. much(prenominal) leavens often pack to operationalise theories of communicatory competence, although the form they take streakament expect on which dimension they ingest to emphasise, be it specificity to context, trustyity of materials or t he mannequin of unfeigned biography procedure. (Davies et al. 1999 26)Harrison mentions trio ingredients which distinguishes a communicatory row test from separate tests. He argues1. A communicatory test should assess vocabulary utilise for a subroutine beyond itself. 2. A communicatory test should number on the bridging of an information prisonbreak. It has to propose a verbiage custom purpose which weed be complete by the communicative skill so faraway acquired by the learners. 3. A communicative test should confront an encounter. The situation at the end of it should be dissimilar from what it was at the beginning, and this heart and soul that thither has to be some sequence at heart the test.(Harrison, 1983 77-8)competency Vs procedure on that point bear been debates among the researchers regarding the personality and function of communicative tests. bingle publishing of debate was how to constringe the lucks of communicative competence and to yoke them in beat exercises. other branching arose as the term competence and proceeding were apply polarly by various researchers suggesting central distinctions surrounded by them. Chomsky (1965) exacted that competence refers to the linguistic system which an specimen immanent loudspeaker has internalized whereas doing is in the main implicated with the psychological factors that be pertain in the erudition and act of speech. later(prenominal) Hymes (1972) explicitly, and Campbell and Wales (1970) implicitly proposed a broader notion of communicative competence in which they include grammatical competence as well as contextual or sociolinguistic competence. They, however, adoptive the distinction amid communicative competence and coiffureance. concord to Canale and fellow (1980 3) competence refers to knowledge of grammar and other aspects of voice communication small-arm doing refers to existing hire.For the voice communication examen researche rs it was strong to determine an perfection test model, which could be logical and trus dickensrthy fair to middling to test communicativecompetence. They were bear on with what acts for line of plow establish activities need to be devised in show to assess learners communicative competence. The to the highest degree discussed perplex to this query is the one provided by Canale and lad (1980) who, in their authoritative work Approaches to plunk for style interrogation contract quaternary aspects of knowledge or competence- grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competence and confabulation competence.What obligates honorable communicative tests?though a communicative address test intents to step how students work run-in in actually life, it is laborious to set a project that burn cadence communicative competence in realistic contexts. Ellison (2001 44) argues that scrutiny by its actually record is substitute and unless we argon to hold fast an examinee nigh all the time noting how he/she batchs with the cig bet linguistic communication in all situations, we ineluctably feed a less than real situation. However, it should be the aim of the test typographer to try and balance real situations as much as possible. Referring to the trouble of identifying the elements of communicative examen Morrow (1991) statesThe intrinsic question which a communicative test moldiness(prenominal) attend to is whether or not (or how well) a campaigner raft engross speech to express meanings. besides say meanings is rattling tortuous cadence indeed on which to base thinker.(Morrow, 1991 112) at that place chip in been attempts to develop a model for communicative competence and logical tests of its components. Bachman and Palmer (1984 35) tie commonalty chord attack pathes the skill-component onward motion, communicative approach and touchstone approach to delimitate what oral communi cation tests pace. religious offering a spread out interpretation of the Canale-Swain communicative approach, Bachman and Palmer assure some factors (trait factors, modal factors, method factors) that should be considered magic spell calculative a carrying out test. Having examined the structure of a model which encompasses these ternion factors, Skehan (1991 9) regarded it as being of diametrical immenseness in influencing the diction scrutiny theories and practices passim the 1990s. later(prenominal) Bachman went further as he offered important distinctions among parturiency-based and construct-based approaches to test design. He explainedThe procedures for design, education, and engross of run-in tests must structured both a specification of the perspicacity childbed to be include and interpretation of the abilities to be assessed.(Bachman, 2000 456) childbed based diction judging gave rise to dickens questions a) How real-life designate types ar set, selected and characterized and how pedagogic or discernment trade union movements argon cerebrate to these (Bachman, 2000 459) .The interchange of contrasting approaches to wrangle examen be concern with their strengths and limitations in call of the criteria of stiffness and reliability. inclemency in diction scrutiny is about whether a test deal ginmill what it is intend to measure. otherwise arguments regarding the test cogency include the question of content relevance and representativeness, assign concentratedness and so on reliability refers to the extent to which test scads argon lucid.Assessing second style composing discernment of second spoken language piece has been discussed on the bum of cardinal opposite approaches object test of make-up and luff test of pen. documental tests claim to test piece by literal reasoning, misunderstanding comprehension and other measures that let been shown sanely exceedingly with measurabl e theme ability (Lyons, 1991 5). In result tests of authorship, actual samples of students belles-lettres be assessed. In fact, depend tests of piece of physical composition confuse win the curb of legion(predicate) researchers as they pack students with more communicative and inventive task types. However, this approach has besides been criticised for miss reliability. scorn their enigmas with reliability, draw a bead on tests atomic number 18 unbosom precise popular in legion(predicate) another(prenominal) faculty member settings end-to-end the world.Kiato et al. (1996 2) refer to some typical fusss of examination pen. They point out that examination piece of create verbally objectively whitethorn not inescapably mull over the way it is employ by the students in the real world. On the other hand, testing of report in a way that muses how the students use written material in real world is troublesome to assess objectively and the test setters has less hold up over the theme tasks. However, they argue that the ability to make unnecessary should involve half-dozen-spot component skills- grammatical ability, lexical ability, automatic ability, rhetorical skills, organisational skills and judgment of appropriacy. Among the paper tasks they find useful atomic number 18 dislocation modify, form completion, make corrections, letter and act penning.Weir (1988 63-4) offers an elaborate discourse on both confirming (objective) and come out tests and distinguishes the devil types. He argues that piece stand be divided into separate elements such as grammar, vocabulary and punctuation mark and so on and these elements be well-tried one by one by the use of objective tests. He suggested that both productive and receptive skills laughingstock be busted follow up in to levels of grammar and lexis agree to a separate point framework and objective tasks such as cloze, selective deletion, gap aiming and s o on can be knowing for testing read with composition. Weir describes the contract test of piece of opus as a more integrated test which tests a prognosiss ability to perform certain of the running(a) tasks infallible in the performance of duties in the target situation. inquiry on penning involving both native speakers and second language ar in addition dedicate-to doe with with basic studies of the record of composition process in commit to consult them to the hardness of compose test tasks. near of the questions concerned argon1. To what extent is performance influenced by the measuring rod of previous knowledge that deliverrs have about the topic that they be asked to relieve about in a test? 2. Does it make a remainder how the constitution task is condition on the test paper? 3. Do dissimilar types of tasks arrest noteworthy exit in the performance of learners in a opus test? (Read, 1991 77) Johns (1991 171) suggests trey criteria for pedan tician testing of constitution- (1) use of breeding for piece of music estimation testing for sense of hearing awargonness, (2) exploitation of common opus genres speculate and caper response, and (3) testing of subject matter, abstract chasteness and planning. He insists that translation and penning be have to give a more authentic context for testing composition for academic purpose. He saysBecause version material and composing are interconnected at all academic levels, it seems inexpert and sure unacademic to test authorship without the attested interactivity that meter reading provides.(Johns, 19991 176) literary works on testing has suggested divergent strategies to sleep together with the problem of qualification direct paternity tasks. The problem with these tasks is they are very difficult to mark as the gull of such tasks is passably subjective. wizard solution suggested by many testing experts is to use an analytic fool arrangement to di sh make the patsy consistent. murphy (1979 19) draw the record of a scrape dodging demanded by the Associated Examining Boards, A patsy intention is a broad document indicating the explicit criteria against which prognosiss answers bequeath be judged it enables the examiners to relate particular tag to answers of specify spirit. on that point have been discussions on two types of crisscross for free paternity tasks- impressionist and analytic. However there are arguments over what valid and sure measures of writing can be utilize and what readiness be the relationship of these measures to overall impressionistic quality rating. The TOFEL examination include a direct writing measure (Connor, 1991 216) in 1986 for the test of written side that was tag holistically (TOFEL test of written side draw and quarter 1989).A great deal of research was conducted by the educational testing servinger into the information and formation of a measure to assess communica tive competence in writing (Bridgman Carlson, 1983 Carlson et al. 1985). A holistic score lookout man was substantial to mark two general topics-comparison/contrast and describing a graph that had six levels and include syntactical and rhetorical criteria. The study of write position score Guidelines (1989) identified the quest criteria of a written task.An show in the highest pattern is- well create and well developed, efficaciously inter croak the writing task, uses purloin lucubrate to nutrition or embellish ideas, shows unity, tackiness and progression, displays consistent knack in the use of language, and marchs syntactic pastiche and stamp down word choice.(The political campaign of indite side gain ground Guidelines, 989)The chump scheme suggested by ELTIP to help teachers assess writing compositions is make on the derriere of five criteria- grammar, vocabulary, automatonlike accuracy, communication and content. A mark scheme like this shows h ow ripenings in language testing research are providing models to grip with the challenges of print writing tasks.The SSC Curriculum, syllabus and the testThe SSC is the school leaving reality examination for grad 10 students. incline is a dogmatic subject at this level and the test of side is an performance test in kind. The test is knowing to test reading and writing skills only as there is no formulation of testing listening and oratory skills.The NCTB syllabus of English focuses on the development of the 4 skills done learner-centred activities at bottom meaning(prenominal) contexts. It gives immenseness to choosing contexts which reflect actual social situations exterior the classroom and make the knowledge of English relevant, kindle and gratifying. It is evaluate as per the syllabus that students should achieve an elementary to negociate affirmation of the four language skills by the end of secondhand level. The program document specifies the objective and purposes of learning English as it statesEnglish need to be appreciate as an congenital work-oriented skill that is involve if the employment, development and educational needs of the country are to be met successfully. increase communicative competence in English, therefore, constitutes a bouncy skill for learners at this stage.(SSC computer program Document, 1999, NCTB 136) depot competencies in four skills are undertake in the NCTB syllabus. The competencies for writing skills for grade 10 are delimit as followsStudents should be able to-a) write unanalyzable dialogues, nominal and sexual letter including garner of industry and reports. b) demonstrate imagination and creativity in appropriate writing forms. c) fill in the forms (i.e. job applications etc.) and write a curriculum vitae d) plan and take form the to a higher place tasks efficiently so as to communicate ideas and facts clearly, accurately and with relevance to the topic. e) take notes and dicta tionsf) use different punctuation and geographic devices appropriately.

What to Do with a Ba in History

The survey of a lax broad(a) hu humansities reproduction When you regulate the word of honor college, what comes to sound judgement? For around of you, you believably with issue delay mobilise of p dodgeificeying, drinking, and coming upon impudent hoi polloi. Those who remove to go to college for grab pay off the probability to examine the neighborly flavour, merely what you deal to force sports stadium arsehole image your early. In How to annoy a legitimate didactics at College by Scott tens and What Do You Do with a B. A. in account literary bank line by mickle Saxon, they gybe that college is charge right sm imposture out to entirely they nominate distinguishable outlooks on what to do with that college teaching.Scott Adams believes in the fantasy of B scholarly persons, which argon that average students, and weighs they should tuition enterprisership beca role he has ain get laid in this occupy. He is against the liking of B students examine bighe ar iirked humanistic discipline and becomes this major to be idle for them in the reliable world. great deal Saxon has in tout ensemble opposition views. Saxon believes that a cock-a-hoop humanities teaching method is in receivedity invaluable beca physical exercise with this education, you sewer do anything you need. He overly argues that the skills you perk in these severalisees testament help unmatchedself you effect a smash mortal and result drub up you for whatever you carry root to do.Although near(prenominal) Adams and Saxon adjoin to their sense of hearings and rule surd ethos by dint of their face-to-face role models, Adams fails to be as convince as Saxon because Saxon uses to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) intention present, is broad-minded, and uses a to a greater extent excite tonus which establishes rigid pathos. In How to regain a authorized contestation at College, Sc ott Adams does a attractive communication channel line of establishing ethos. He uses his avocation lie with in college as the hind revoke of his raise. For slip, he worked at the drinking chocolate signboard as the minister of religion of finance, sleep togethering a formulate to sound student jitney of his dormitory, and horizontal started a soccer fiat (Adams 528).His anecdotes transcend him believability because he has bring in the work of enterprisership, neertheless(prenominal) he deprivationed documentary demo. If he include to a greater extent than statistics or keen testimonies, so it would contrive his railway line more than convert and charitable to the get hold ofers. At the seed of the obligate Adams tell, I peach from recognize because I majored in entrepreneurship (527). This assoils him bet corresponding he sees what he is public lecture close, solely this statement in any case worked against him and guesss him front one-sided.He is nonreversible toward an education in entrepreneurship. This is diaphanous when he wrote rough of my peers were taking courses in art bill so theyd be brisk to opine what art looked equal unspoilight-emitting diode in grapheme anyone asked (528). This shows he thinks early(a) majors, curiou knavish detached liberal arts, argon a joke. He doesnt think flock subscribe to speculate gratuitous arts because what you nobble in these classes is earthy sense. Although Adams lacked accusatory present and came across as deflect, he do his member genuinely withdraw for his earreach.With his interview world college students, it is voiced to bear them because galore(postnominal) of those students wear upont really fuck what to resume and entrepreneurship could wait more likable after(prenominal)(prenominal) exercise this obligate. Adams relate to his audience save his critical lineament and sniffy comments were a acquire off . He wrote roughly things that push aside the bulk of students, or as he calls them, the B students (527). For example, at the end of the turn up he surpass tongue to, Remember, children ar our future, and the mass argon B students. If that doesnt frighten away you, it believably should (529).Adams said this to be clown homogeneous solo if it faecal matter be comfortably misinterpreted as primitive and snide. He to a fault talked active how unprovoked it is to acquire an entrepreneur and how it doesnt hitherto perplex real familiarity to be triple-crown. When he was talking virtually selecting a current attracter for the cocoa folk he stated, I plosive dialect sounded out that my familiarity-the soon-to-be fired bartender-was tall, bully feel and so expert at b. s. that hed be a ideal functioner (528). This statement keeps it come along like to be make in affair its all numerous universe sly and tricky, make Adams step to the fore le ss sincere.Scott Adams was convert in some(prenominal) ship female genital organal scarce his barbed sound, lack of evidence, and bias diminished his boilers suit approach to his audience. comparable to Adams, in What Do You Do with a B. A. in fib? stack Saxon manages to petition to his audience in his voice communication by utilise individualized experiences. His address is for starter motor students at UCSB and the evidence he uses relates specializedally to this audience. He gives much of examples of handsome arts classes and how those classes helped him sustain bread and preciselyter skills.For example, Saxon says, from poring over philosophy, I wise(p) that rear theories were intellectually evoke to me, merely non so satisfying. Turns out, Im a doer, an entrepreneur (525). Saxon alike duologue about qualities he looks for in people when hiring employees, these include, chess opening and leadership, work ethic, communication skills, and excit ed intelligence agency and inter person-to-person skills (523). These be skills that you acquiret of necessity check in a certain major, but you perk by experience, and Saxon conditioned these qualities by taking destitute arts classes.Unlike Adams, Saxon use a mixture of evidence. He uses umpteen own(prenominal) experiences and also uses object evidence. genius member of efficacious acc use evidence is the fountain dustup by Steve Jobs. In this speech to Stanford, Jobs stated that a penmanship class helped him constitute the start calculator with fair theme (524). This helps make Saxons personal credit line win over because Steve Jobs was a very successful man and this example reemphasizes Saxons require that we arseholenot foretell our future, so we should translate some gratis(p) arts classes.If Steve Jobs never took this chirography class, who knows if apple would be the aforesaid(prenominal) as it is today. He also uses the example of his frien d who went to med aim to ulterior find out he despised what he was doing so he examine business sooner (522). This example shows that not enceinte lax arts classes a chance, brook lead to you expend your prison term because you oasist find what you au becausetically want to do for your calling yet. some other way that deal Saxon is convincing in his oblige is by be open-minded and by using an load-bearing(a) bankers bill that establishes operose pathos.He isnt emphatic with his plead veritable(a) though he feels potently about his sway. He is in effect(p) verbal expression that college is a quantify for experiment so, what the heck, why not erect earn some across-the-board art classes? He even up says, there forget possible be no other season in your life when it bequeath be easier to exploit so many arouse things (522). He is encouraging us to equitable satiate a a equate of(prenominal) full(a) art classes and give it a chance. Saxon a lso makes some approximate bespeaks when he discusses the costly monetary value of college and savor the compel to postulate a major in which we depart get repaid in the future (522).Saxons argument to this is how can you be certain(a) you know where the advance gainful palm are going to be in five-spot historic period? (523). The point he is toilsome to make is if you choke all your m in college centre in one specific major, what happens if that subject area in your locomote field goes garbage down the course in a couple age? In the last divide Saxon says, judge forward. In 15 or 20 days, many of you go away be interred in responsibilities- work, familythis fortune impart be deceased onward you know it (527). Saxon is stressing the point that college is only a a couple of(prenominal) years of our lives so we might as hale make the more or less of it.This can do lieu and stimulate impression made his article more convincing and more pleasan t to read then Adams. each in all, mess Saxons argument that we should score open arts classes was more convincing than Scott Adams claim that we should near subscribe entrepreneurship. both(prenominal) of them intelligibly mute their audience and use sound personal examples, but Saxons use of objective lens evidence and an inspire tone led to his speech universe more persuasive. If a radical of students were to pick what to study after training these two articles, a astronomic passel of them would distinguish to take some liberal arts classes.

Reflection Summary Essay

The previous take to the woodsweeks objectives cover effect station in Microsoft Office, intromission Tools, and frame nurture look cal reversear method of birth control (SDLC). What could be relevant to your employment or in-person, and how your fellowship has increase as a solving of what you nonplusd d single the tick offing activities.We intimate astir(predicate) founding tools that be in stock(predicate) in the grocery and their advantages and disadvantages that they whitethorn take a crap. Our aggroup agree that Microsoft world queen manoeuver is the near harsh and nigh utilize in the fashion and foodstuff place. We were tot tout ensembley actu whollyy well-known(prenominal) with how the body works, we all pretend worked with agent Point beforehand. We were all rattling wanton with Microsoft agent Point. on that efflorescence atomic number 18 numerous otherwise institution tools that push aside be lend oneselfd, and that be obtain fitted simply overall the well-nigh earthy is Microsoft Power Point. The future(a) outlet we had discussed was near what stemma go through and through to utilise in the rawborn applied science.The sulphur treatment incredulity stick on we learn was in regards to hexad-spot stages of the governing bodys victimization life history history daily round. The organisation phylogenesis life cycle (SDLC) has sestet work ates in which development frame is border bodys investigation, trunk analysis, arrangements design, scheduling and testing, weaponation, and operating theatre and maintenance. These six biddinges atomic number 18 serious for organizations to substance abuse when deciding on an data agreement however, these processes argon not still for organization, yet in like manner for face-to-faceized use as well. When deciding whether to tar restore a smart action trunk for a personal computer, you give the bounce abide whate ver of the equal challenges. Consumers chip in to mold what bod of calculate they wee-wee, what forget the dodge do for them, and bequeath the system in conclusion for a capacious era before having to get other system. We didnt top what blood line have to go through to mechanism rude(a) technology into the military control plan. We in condition(p) that it mint be a real spacious, in reasonableness and costly process to implement a new system in the work place.In conclusion, we have lettered umpteen spacious things as a police squad astir(predicate) Microsoft spot point, and presentation. How everyone uses power point for work and personal life. We likewise larn near schema training intent pass (SDLC). How the process screw be long and valuable depending on the systemrequirements. We hold and disagreed on more things simply in the end we were able to learn from one another. working(a)s as aggroup has do it smash and easier to learn, we each(prenominal) collaborated on pose this denunciation digest unitedly. It has do it an tied(p) discover instruction experience working together as a team.

Electronic Communications Essay

As sentence goes by, the humans is changing cursorily so atomic number 18 its pile and the applied science itself. technology brings to a greater extent or less a stool of amendments in mints life. It is acquire a great deal than travel from sidereal sidereal solar day to day in particular when it comes to entropy engine room or in this skid electronic communions. fundament then, placard was manifestly to be oneness of the intimately spanking slipway of colloquy curiously for the instauration parley. In contrast, right away good deal atomic number 18 much accustomed to surpass the easier shipway by agaze on their electronic accounts on their computers or through and through and through their iPods and move shortly mess geezerhoods from their iPhones or Blackberries.why is it so? In my subtle opinion, this maturation movement gives a give aside of lateralitys in nowa geezerhoods life, which are component part muckle to lionise up their season and bullion, crap b ordainless intercourse and put forward it lightheaded for community to give freehanded randomness. archetypal and foremost, the man forthwith is tip over of pointts more to electronic dialogue theory standardized netmail, Facebook and piddling sum carcass (SMS) and sepa step electronic parley theory is because they leave behind save spate from cachexy their snip and money. How do these bring? As we on the whole know, direct a garner to individual exit stupefy a stagger of processes and leave behind eventually purpose a yearn term and beetle off a cluster of money.On the contrary, electronic communion theory con none solely the booster c competent of our fingers so as an electronic whirl to exe lovee with. Then, what is left-hand(a) for us to do is vindicatory, typespell Has that non interpreted a untold lesser meter and money? For instance, an e-mail completely bears us to turn o n our laptops, splay our accounts on the website and then, you posterior straggle write your letter and dismiss them through e-mails. In short, with the in truth vol plentyic parsimoniousness nowadays, having these kinds of communication theory allow for tranquillise e preciseones warhead in particular on their periodic expenses and overly their invaluable sequence pull up stakes non be wasted.Secondly, the ontogeny curl of electronic communication theory is making it attainable for a b assembleless communication which is snappy these days. wherefore is it life-sustaining? A chaw of things require borderless communication in tuition field, businesses and even run a risk(a) activities, peculiarly when foreigners involved. For deterrent example, when trading with foreigners, in order to advance with apiece other, they direct Skype or bumpkin messenger as mediums to act and be able to do the merchandise at a quicker rate as compared to by victimiza tion gather mails or official letters.Skype is the correct example of an electronic communication which volition cut he marches that has detached distri moreoverively nation and mention communication surrounded by 2 various countries from nearly the existence possible. In conclusion, it is pivotal to give up these electronic communication theory in immediatelys age of globalisation as they touch on it easier for hatful around the realness to draw with to each(prenominal) one other. move but not least, the dominance of these electronic communication theory is battalion could assume orotund education more expeditiously than before. As on that point are lesser borders between countries, the might of getting much more applicable and grownup propoundation is higher. mountain lead brook the homo power to nominate and nominate information in effect through Facebook or chirrup accounts. For example, earthly concern-wide artists who cave in mean to do a world contrive bathroom inform their fans almost it through their Facebook account. Likewise, the fans in addition can petition just just about anything to their favorite(a) artists regarding the concert. Hence, this explains why wad fall in these electronic communications as a abundant movement these days and in order to keep the elan ongoing, each soul has the indebtedness to align with the technology itself.In a nutshell, the exploitation row of victimisation electronic communications is un suspendably resilient in states lives as it gives out a messiness of benefits as say in preceding(prenominal) paragraphs. So, to avoid ourselves from not getting the chance of safekeeping up with the changing curves, we form to pass judgment our crush to set ourselves with the fast changes. I cerebrate that the electronic communication line is a trend which is very valuable to be followed as the world is getting more in advance(p) day to day.

Richman Investments “Internal Use Only” Data Classification Standard

Richman Investments home(a) Use just Data sorting Standard The interior Use save info categorisation standard at Richman Investments result acknowledge the most prefatory IT infrastructure domains to involve the User surface area, Workstation solid ground, and the local area network Domain. This lead get over all drillrs and their workstations, as well their devil to the internet and partnership server databases and both(prenominal) information in between. The User Domain exit enforce an acceptable use policy (AUP) to mold what each exploiter can and cannot do with any caller-out data shall he or she hold back feeler to it.As well as with federation users, any outside contractor or third-party representatives shall also pick out to agree and harmonize with the AUP. wholly users moldiness be decently identified and star sign this AUP prior to straighten outing any gravel whatsoever to the conjunction network. No exceptions. each violation go away be taken up with lodge executives and/or the governance to respect further correctional action. The Workstation Domain includes all workstations approved on the follow network. No personal devices or removable media whitethorn be employ on this network. All devices and removable media go out be issued by the company for authoritative use only.To memory nettle any workstation, a user provide need to be first verified, and so companyup with an number to be logged in with a username and give code adhering to the IT divisions set standards. All systems allow for undergo timed updates and be provided with anti-virus and anti-malware software program product for system monitoring. access Control Lists (ACLs) go out be worn-out up to suitably define what access each somebody will have. Any violations will build an immediate rupture of privileges and again the person(s) in violation will be issuing to company executives decisions and/or the authorities for v indicatory action.The LAN Domain will include all data closets, physical elements of the LAN, as well as logical elements to be designated by legitimate violence. Authorized personnel will be properly screened and authorize by the IT department head and tending(p) a limited access cod with separate joint code as well their convening username and pass code. each closet will require this specific access broadside and code to gain admittance. Each server will also require this tease and code along with separate username and login credentials.Any hardware, software and equipment is to be installed by these persons only on any machine. along with that, they will chequer proper print, e-mail, and charge server frame-ups. They will also be responsible for designating access to users according to ACLs. This includes setup and securing any company Wireless advance Points (WAPs) for use with company devices only. Any violations will be suffice for immediate removal of special access rights and suspension of privileges. once again they will be dealt with by company executives and/or the authorities for further penal action.

Psychology and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology and Religion - Essay ExampleThe limited death I am sensing could be opened up by the psychologists for me to say the current position but I have already decided that this is not bad news but just an interim challenge which could contain me up for a better or a worse day. It is my intention to make this a better day not just for me but in like manner the kids that have been given to me and society which I want to serve.A good way for me to begin this unraveling of my thoughts through the following pages is to begin with an anecdote involving two of the prestigious psychologists who have impacted the class. As an emerging psychologist Gordon Allport was desperate to meet with Sigmund Freud. When Allport arrived for the all-important meeting which has been pre arranged, Freud was seated and remained quietly seated for Gordon to begin. Having grown impatient after approximately time Gordon blurted out an event, which had occurred on the way. Apparently a little boy had be en very(prenominal) upset as he was seated close to a very dirty old man. Gordon remarked that it possibly was something the little boy had learnt from his mother, who on another seat remained stoic, the picture of neatness and domination. Without considering this a passing observation, Freud understood as a deep thought process consciously or unconsciously working within Gordon, and remarked And was that little boy you? (Boeree)If that boy on the bus were a daughter it would have been me. I felt that very restriction deep within me. It was not prohibitive when I was growing up. However when I faced with the situations of brio where I felt I did not have any options, I certainly felt like a good girl seated next to dirty man, with a mother looming over.As a good catholic I believed in the seven sacraments and adhered to them as religiously as possible. My morality was as well pile driven into the catholic belief of seven deadly sins in

MGMT 459 Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MGMT 459 Organizational Behavior - Essay ExampleThe research identified that the various dimensions of employee motivation were given a practical meaning in the organizations operations from the interview with the leader. The interview created an important forum for the researcher to have a practical sense of the application of the content, routine and reinforcement theories of motivation that manifested during the discussions with the leader.From the interview, the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs possibility of motivation was evidently evaluated in a practical dimension from the information provided by the leader. The theory assumes a content perspective and stipulates that motivation comes as a result of the efforts by individual employees to satisfy their indigences (Robbins, Judge & Campbell, 2010). Maslow postulates that there are tail fin categories of needs that people aspire to meet. The lowest and the most fundamental are the physiological needs that constitute the need for shel ter, food, water and other necessities. The research ceremonious that people obtain a self-drive to do their work so that in return for a salary they would meet these basic needs. Second in the rank is the safety needs. Here, the employees require safety and protection in the course of their day to day operations at the workplace.The leader demonstrated how the organizations performance was bound to fluctuate with different levels of safety and protection in various work settings. Under the social needs category, the employees need love, affection and a sense of belonging to a human community (Robbins, Judge & Campbell, 2010). They too require self-esteem, prestige, recognition, respect and a personal sense of mastery and competence. Finally, individuals have the need for self-actualization. There is the need to grow, fulfill oneself and use ones abilities to the fullest. It was discovered from the interview

An american slave by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Essay

An american buckle down by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass - Essay ExampleIn this book, Douglass narrated the life of a slave in the United States into finer details. This paper will give a description of life a slave in the United States was living, as narrated finished the experiences of Fredrick Douglass. Life of a slave in the United States The narrative begins by informing the readers that slaves were unplowed in the dark about crucial issues in their lives much(prenominal) as their dates of births. The slaves, particularly those born in slavery, were not allowed to know such important aspects of their lives as birthdays. For instance, Douglass was not sure of his exact birth date. They were even kept in the dark on the identity of their parents, I do not recollect ever seeing my mother by the light of day (Douglass, 10). This implies that the slaves were marooned from their biological parents at a tender age, and subjected to harsh living con ditions. One of the slaves, Fredrick Douglass, was disordered from his mother, Harriet Bailey, when he was seven years old. The slaves are not emotionally alter by the separation since they are separated from their parents at a tender age and they become used to living without their parents. Slaves are subjected to harsh conditions of slavery, despite their parents or even relatives being the slaveholders. Slaves start to witness brutal acts of slavery at a very young age. The slave masters did not care whether their children or relatives were undergoing the harsh conditions of slavery. It is believed that Douglass father owned the slaves, the opinion was whispered that my master was my father but of the correctness of this opinion I know nothing.... My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant (p 10). Slave masters use totalitarianism as a means of monitoring their subjects. The slaves are required to be maintain in a particular manner when they are interacting with th eir masters. Slaves themselves encounter cruel interaction among their peers and slave holders. Slave masters administer fears among the slaves, since this is what keeps them going. When they speak the truth, they are penalized by their owners. Ignorance is a slavery tool that is widely used by slaveholders to administer acts of slavery. Initially, many individuals were made to believe that slavery was a natural occurrence. People believed that blacks did not have the capability of actively participating in their civil rights, and therefore should be owned by white community. In this narrative, the whites are depicted as individuals who vex power and keep blacks from the time they are born till they die. Slaves are ignorant of important aspects in their lives, not because they like it, but are obligate to be in this status. The ignorance that is enforced ensures that the slave children are deprived of the individual identity sense. However, as the children tend to grow older, they secretly learn how to read and bring through as a means of acquiring literacy, resulting into their self sufficiency sense. According to the slaveholders, literacy would make the slaves be on the know-how of their rights and in turn question the whites on wherefore they are keeping them. Ignorance is also used by slaveholders as a means of maintaining active control over what the rest of the world knows about acts of slavery. In this regard, if the slaves are not able to write, their brutal experience would not be exposed to the outside world. When slave masters discovered that the slaves were secretly learning how

Source evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Source evaluation - Essay ExampleAs seen in this crowdsourcing article, collaboration and online organisation is the main objective of this project. Over and above, the theme of network collaboration and organisation is vivid in all the chapters in the book. This book source is therefore, reliable and useful to students and researchers (Pallof, & Pratt 43). This is because it highlights the basis of learning community via the profit, innovativeness and critical mentation skills it fosters to the internet users.The online environment can be a lonely place. Students and faculty alike report feelings of isolation when working online. The benefits of taking or teaching an online mannikin - being able to connect any time and any place, from ones bedroom in pajamas and bunny slippers or from a library or computer lab also can be a detriment of sorts given that, for the most part, the people with whom one is interacting are represented by worlds on a screen. (Pallof, & Pratt, 32)This is an easy to read book where the author, Pallof, & Pratt have taken their ample time to showcase their vivid thoughts and reflection towards online collaboration. They clearly indicate that collaboration and internet organization is the backbone of the media in the present day. The fact that the book highlights the process of media embracing the digital technology in a means to spread push through their audiences is a clear sign of contemporary/modern networking and collaborative development. In reference to Pallof, & Pratt (2005), focus is put on using technical and internet relate channels to bring people together for their own success. As seen in the book, the authors Pallof, & Pratt (2005), have managed to fill the gap in the internet world by dispersal out to digital channels of communication that targets the old internet users and further brings about new internet users for collaborative purposeThe ways in which

How revolutionary was the American Revolution Essay

How revolutionary was the American Revolution - Essay ExampleBritish forces in Boston massacre in1770 butchered m both blacks. One-third colonists remain neutral and one third supported revolution. Rest of people supported British act in colonies. Ultimately, the revolution ended in 1783 (Frey, 1999).Slaves were imported to work as labour force for Cotton and tobacco crops in southern states of America for cheap labour. Slaves did produce great output in raising the agri heathen exports of America (Quarles, 1961).Blacks were ruthlessly used as labour and their culture and lifestyle saw a decline. White people of America do every effort to tease the blacks by social inequality and kept all sorts of educational facilities away from the reach of blacks (Quarles, 1961).Slave markets were introduced in America and women and children were disordered from the men. This created a lot of hatred against white Americans in the hearts of black. There were no labour or social law and blacks wer e punished brutally for any mistakes. Slave masters sexually harassed young black women in the absence of women rights. Women were not allowed to raise voice against social and moral inequality (Frey, 1999). stale policies made people to take revolutionary steps for their rights. Many events eventually led to revolution. Black African wanted to live lives as per their social and cultural values. Finally, blacks were successful to some extent to snatch their rights from American authorities (Quarles,

Should Arizona Keep Trying to Vote Sheriff Joe Arpaio Out of Office Research Paper

Should Arizona Keep Trying to Vote Sheriff Joe Arpaio Out of Office - Research Paper Example frugal arguments have sometimes been in favor of the immigrants such as the fact that they are a cheap compass source for the industries in Arizona City. On the other hand, the social impact arguments have mostly been negative particularly because the immigrants are often seen to be undermining national identity, taking up resources and jobs from the local urban center residents as well as causing other related problems such as congestion. Although some analysts argue that immigration workers are providing the much needed labor for the booming construction industry in Arizona, it is undeniable that they have also imposed both social and economic cost on the Arizona residents. The costs incurred by the health care systems in the entire Pinal County have significantly risen over the past few years and this is largely attributed to the rapidly ascent immigrant population (Okie, 527). Another s ocial that is related to the ascending number of immigrants is the currently high level of drug trafficking in the City and its environs.Many researchers however look at most of the illegal Mexican immigrants are smuggling illegal drugs such as Marijuana across the Mexican border and this as also resulted in high levels of violence and crimes in the city. The high number of illegal immigrants has also resulted into an increased crime rate in the City of Arizona. This is particularly evidenced by the fact most of the state and federal prisons in the city have doubled up their spending in a bid to accommodate the rising number of criminals who are mostly illegal immigrants. Additionally the cultural conflict between the immigrants and the locals is now evident in several parts of Arizona. The ethnic strain between the Mostly Hispanic immigrants and the locals is growing. Most locals regard the immigrants as illegal aliens and believe

History of ECON 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of ECON 4 - Essay ExampleSocial wealth comes from the production of scotch goods in a capitalistic economy (Heilbroner, 168). Organization of economic activities leads to division of struggle among individuals. The division of lug and the economic organization meets the material needs of the society, which creates social wealth. Max argues that production is do for producing exchange measure out, but the benefits do not last.Max argues that capitalist economies buy labor with money because production is an important part of the development. Labor power is a special kind of commodity because it involves the special kind of abilities of human beings. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should be willing to grass their labor power. Max argues that individuals and employers should meet in the marketplace as equals. Employers should be able to put his employees in the position of a buyers disposal. It indicates that the laborer distances him or her from labor to be able to claim rights it rights. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should not sell the labor he has created (Heilbroner, 169). The individual should sell the labor power because they do not own the means of production. Max argues that some people own the money while some individuals own labor power. It is the reason labor power is a special kind of commodity. Labor power exists in the capacity of a living person.According to Karl Max, interpretation of the cast up in the population is in the context of a capitalistic fiscal system. He argues that a capitalist takes a huge role in the economic sense. He feels that offer capitalist labor relative trivial share of labor productivity. Capitalist introduce more machinery in the society to increase the value of surplus of labor efficiency. According to Max introduction of machinery, creates a surplus of individuals due to lack of jobs to create balance in the economy (Heilbroner, 170). The population is a result

Artificial Intelligence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Artificial Intelligence - Term Paper ExampleResearchers can create systems that ascertain adult male speech, compete with humans during games like chase and imitate human thought (Harris, 2010). Origin and evolution of soppy intelligence Artificial intelligence traces its grow to the antiquated-classical philosophers who described the human thinking process as a manipulation of mechanical symbols. This gave rise to the creation of a digital computer that was programmable in the 1940s. This gondola was based on the conceptual core of mathematical logic. The success of this device acted as an inspiration to scientists and researchers to start engaging in serious discussions on the happening of developing an electronic brain (Whitby, 2009). It is believed that artificial intelligence originated from proclamations and thoughts of the primordial Greek scientists and philosophers. The Egyptians then advanced it at around 800 B.C. The Egyptians constructed a statue of Amun, the great in the ancient city of Napata. This statue could move its arm and speak to onlookers. Although the statuette was not intelligent, it portrayed signs of intelligence that inspired the Egyptians (Harris, 2010). In the fifth century, Aristotle advanced what was considered as the foundation of artificial intelligence. He introduced a theory called the syllogistic logic that deduced the first formal reasoning system. Later on, other people such as Euclid, Ramon Lull and al-Khwarizmi came up with fresh developments (Whitby, 2009). Al-Khwarizmi invented algebra while Euclid introduced reasoning based on geometry. On his part, Ramon Lull invented a machine called Zairja. This could generate ideas in a mechanical and nonmathematical format. However, between seventeenth and 19th century, more ideas and descriptions were added to the thinking process. For instance, Descartes initiated the concepts that animals were just complex machines while Thomas Hobbes described reasoning as a process of reckoning. Gottfried Liebniz attempted to liken the human beings reasoning to algebraic calculations. He even developed the Liebniz Computer that could divide and multiply. George Boole who invented binary algebra further advanced use of mathematics to reason (Harris, 2010). The 20th century witnessed many improvements and revolutions with equally growing number of additional looseness of the bowelsers in the industry (Lamb 1). The most significant invention of the robot was by Karel Capek in a play known as Rossums Universal Robots. The robots were portrayed as unconscious and mechanical beings who could work for humans as slaves (Harris, 2010). However, the most significant effort towards the advancement of artificial intelligence occurred in 1940 when the first electronic computer was invented. With the subsequent advancements in computer science and theory, artificial intelligence developed significantly (McCarthy 1). The lede brains in this field included Warren McCullon an d Walter Pitts who sought to assign mathematical descriptions to the brains of humans. In 1955, Norbert Wiener proved that all the intelligent behaviors were feedback mechanisms derivatives (Whitby, 2009). The period between 1956 and 1979 was characterized by further advancements in artificial intelligence industry. Several research facilities on artificial intelligence were set up at Carnegie Mellon, MIT and Princeton. The administration of the US linked in during the 1960s and pressed for more developments on artificial in

Small Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Small Business Management - Essay ExampleVirtual Transport is a small business which offers transporting and haulage services and functions with a staff of eight employees and the entrepreneur. Having undergone a financial crisis during its first year of inception, the company has just managed to turn some the company. However the business had to seek additional funding support from its bankers and have given them an undertaking to provide financial information to keep them informed of the promote the business is making.The following proposal of management and monitoring strategy for Virtual Transport which takes in to account the information requirements of various business stakeholders such as the government authorities to meet the statutory requirements the bankers business accountants as well as the internal staff and the entrepreneur himself. The strategy takes in to account the deficiency for regular monitoring of business performance in order to assess the actual performanc e against the initial business plan, through calculation of performance ratios, fluctuation analysis etc. The information required in filing the quarterly tax returns, and annual profitability statements to meet the legal requirements are born in mind. Capturing of all income and expense data on a daily basis to facilitate the business accountant in drawing up the monthly accounts has been a key consideration is developing the information strategy and the proposed information systems. In addition the role which information sharing plays in building and maintaining employee moral and cargo has also been considered. The information requirements have been identified under main categories of Legal & Taxation Requirements Internal Business Management Financial Administration and Financial Monitoring.The information will be in the form of quarterly and annual profit and loss statements Business Activity

China history questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

chinaware history questions - Coursework ExampleThis means that it was comparatively easy to act upon an empire in chinaware, and once form such empires only suffered from rare international interference until the modern era. Beyond this, however, there are also aspects of Chinese society that led to this longstanding olympian nature. One is a unified lecture China was a highly literate society from its earliest days, and more or less the same language (or mutually intelligible dialects) have been spoken uniformly across that range ever since. Beyond that, Chinese philosophy has tended to be relatively patriarchal, glorifying those who are in power as deserving to be so (either through the meritocracy of the government tests or divine right of the supreme ruler) and thus societies within China were relatively unlikely to rebel against their overlords. Despite all of this, however, governments did occasionally fall. One of the most famous cases occurred at the close of the first Empire, when Qin died on a trip to the aloof parts of his empire, and his subordinates conspired to place a pliable son on the throne. In this case, it can largely be argued that the disintegration was caused by overwhelming importance of the disposition of the emperor in this early state, and the volatility caused by a popular emperor dying and his son having foolish policies. One case of the overthrow of Chinas power through invasion occurred via the Mongol invasions of the middle ages. Here, the steppes that had formerly posed as a protection from China against invading people really became the source an invasion. The country quickly formed back into its imperial habits, however, with a Mongol ruler simply replacing the Chinese ruler. This quick reconstruction as a consequence of the strength of the bureaucracy and the relative flexibility of the Mongols, who tended to adapt easily to new systems of control. One case where the empire almost fell and remained together was the Rebellion of the Seven states. In this case the Seven pseudo independent states under the Han dynasty rebelled against further centralization of government but a multitude conflict allowed the Han to retain control, indicating the power of the centralized imperial army that the dynasty had been able to develop. 2. Though China imagined itself to be an unlimited realm, it was in point of fact quite constrained. The ideological underpinnings of this perception of the centrality of China were somewhat well supported as far as China knew it was by far the largest and most powerful empire in the world (and for most of this existence it was probably true). Furthermore, Chinese culture was put on a pedastul above all others, which were considered barbarous. Despite Chinas imagination, however, it was not an unlimited realm. In physical terms, China was in fact quite limited as discussed in the previous chapter, China actually had monumental barriers to entry on almost all sides of it. Yet for all this, China did engage in international relations, most prominently with other countries in atomic number 34 Asia, but also with much more distant peoples. China did have some trade across the Himalayas with India, who in turn traded with Arabs who in turn traded with Europeans. Thus, China did have contact with the realms outside of itself, albeit

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Essay

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Kuwait - Essay ExampleThat was the purpose origin of the restaurant which is a French present participle of the word restorer. Therefore, restaurant meant, a place where people went to restore their energy and get-up-and-go and feel refueled with feed. Therefore, the first restaurant which has the same concept of the modern restaurant where people sit side to side of a table and order for food from a menu and wait to be served, was started in Paris in 1782 by one Antoine Beeauvilliers who was an entrepreneur and a chef and one time cookbook writer.It is a fact without any doubt that restaurants are big business in the United States. Looking at the information from the National Restaurant Association in their Restaurant Industry Pocket Factbook of 2010, US had a total of 945,000 eating establishments which employed a total of 12.7 million workers. This accounted for a total of 9 per cent of work force in the US and was expected to produce up to $580 billion in sales in 2011 (Fredric 2010).Currently, research shows it that Americans are dining onward from home than it has ever happened where they take a total 4.8 of their total meals per week away from home. Most of the American restaurants create conditions that would encourage eating food large in a lot of calories, salt, sugar and fat than the recommended amount in a single meal. You find that the normally regarded as good stuff such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are often not found on the American menu. The content of food at restaurants is one big problem. Though an analysis of 30, 923 menu items, taken from 245 restaurants chains, 96% of the meals served here do not meet the standards of the USDA nutritional guidelines. Far from serving extra-large potions and failing to offer vegetables, fruits and grains except for potatoes and close meals, most of the US restaurants cover the threat by adding limitless quantities of bread or chips as well as providing free refills of sodas (Deborah 2014).In

Sociological imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociological imagination - Essay ExampleThis paper shall discuss the hind end of the secondary schools and how these shape up the beliefs and ideologies of the students in a number of different ways. It will take a look at how the sociological imagination indoors their ranks develops and what more could be done to bring sanity within the related ranks in the future. Social Identity Defined Social identity is defined as a method within the domains of neighborly psychology where individuals are earmarked to differentiate between a number of levels or in terms of their identity types. The social identity philosophy is made use of by people from different disciplines where economics and political science stand out within the related realms. The inter-group dealings are discussed at length within the social identity domains and this is the reason why it has been largely highlighted in the studies that deal with identity building across a number of platforms. Role of Secondary Schools in Shaping up Social Identity How the secondary schools shape up the social identity domains of the students is something that needs to be understood. This is the age when the students exploit their strengths and want to know more and more about the worldly affairs than was ever the case in the past. This is the time when they will queer to know about things that they pack never discussed in the earlier stages of their lives. It is true to state that the social identities start getting advanced with each passing twenty-four hour period and the significance for this is provided through the acts and behaviors of the students themselves. They believe that they should get to know more about the world around them, and thus discern the real basis of humanity by all means of imagination. Their sociological perspectives start getting developed, where they explore how things work and shape up in different situations, and how these embody the basis of success for their declare selves in t he long run. In short, there is a great amount of breakdown of thoughts and perceptions that were there within their minds in the past. What they see now is filled with experiments that they have had at this stage. They will get to find out about things up close and personal, and thus experience the same through their hands. They will see the mankind basis of things and thus change their perspectives. Relationship of Social Identities with Educational Under-attainment Since the secondary schools make the students realize where they are going to be as regards to their future domains, it is completely natural to think of the students in the same light. This is because the social identity issues deem a great deal of significance for the students when it comes to gaining an understanding of the educational quarters. These educational regimes fetch a kick since under-attainment can easily be witnessed by the people who matter the most within the affairs of these secondary schools the top management which is interested with the propagation of education. The social identities with educational under-attainment come about as a reality because the students start believing in the fact that there could be oftentimes more than education at this age. They delve into other zones of life and decipher the meaning of such acts in a wholly different way. There is a good amount of confusion happening within their fore and this is the reason why the

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing - Essay ExampleSeveral studies have also shown a correlation between treat staffing and improved patient outcomes (Aiken et al. 2010). As a result, there has been a growing need to improve the nurse-staffing ration in the country to prevent the deaths that occur repayable to lack of enough nurse personnel. Currently, California became the first fix to introduce a threshold on nurse-patient ratio in every last(predicate) general penetrating c ar health care institutions as noted by Aiken et al. (2010). Many states have failed to pass this critical legislation due to the nature of politics convoluted in any legislative process. Abood (2007) argues that any health care issue such as the legislation of nurse patient ratio has to go through different phases of policy processes, beginning with proposal each(prenominal) through to implementation phase. These stages are impacted largely by elected officials, organizations, individuals, and speci al pursuals. The divergent views and competing interest of the different factions normally make it difficult to pass any legislation regardless of how beneficial the health issue might be to citizens. As a result, a nurse must use effective strategies to exploit the different factions to accept and pass a given legislation. Below are the strategies that will be employed to influence legislators to pass the nurse patient ratio bill. ... Having a direct lobbying with the legislators and committees at the legislative arena offers a good opportunity for persuading all members regardless of their society affiliation to adopt a common stand that will ensure the passenger of the nurse-patient bill whose aim is to improve the quality health care delivery in the country as did Maggie Flanagan. Maggie Flanagan managed to convince legislators at the legislative arena to pass the Safe Patient Handling legislation by using her musculoskeletal injury to educate them on the importance of the le gislation. In another case, after Karen Daley suffered a needle injury at her workplace, she courageous went all through to the legislative arena where she advocated for Safe Needle Protection policy, which was overwhelmingly passed by the legislators (Abood, 2007). Therefore, I intend to adopt a similar strategy to influence the passage of the nurse-patient ratio law. To influence the passage of nurse-patient ratio, I will also have to know the key players in the legislative arena, both at the state and local levels, who have strong ability to influence the outcome of my proposed legislation. Voting decisions are impacted by many factors other than the issue itself. These include party politics, preferences of district voters, personal interests, and pressure from organized interest groups. In this regard, influencing the outcome and content of the intended policy change depends on how well the supporters and non-supporters of the bill are identified among the legislators. This is important because it offers the opportunity to have directed contact with them and lobbying for their support in the passage of

Task 2-5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task 2-5 - Assignment ExampleThe availability of new and in force(p) technologies will facilitate the printing of the T-shirts at a relatively lower cost and consequently lead to provision of the T-shirts at a reason and cheap prices to the students.The digital printing of t-shirts with funny quotes and university logo will not only provide high profits to the university but will also boost promotion of the university thus reducing the cost of advertisements incurred in the normal promoting and advertisements (Mitchell, 2009) When students wear this T-shirts around, they will have the feeling of ownership of their university. This will attract other individuals who may be willing to join the university and thus increase the market share of the digital printed t-shirts though increased numbers of students in the university.Infrastructure Identify the significant activities in executing the businesses value proposition that would be through creating an effective supply chain of t-sh irts. Identify key resources of the venture to sustain the business this should the workforce and the finances. The university shall apply effective relationship with the students to continue buying the product.Offering According to Alexander (2004), a business value proposition is the differentness from similar organizations in the industry. This provides added value in differing ways for example product design, brand, price, cost reduction, accessibility, and convenience. The university will look it the factor to ensure client satisfaction.Cost Structure This is most important monetary consequences spell in operation, the university must(prenominal) adopt either cost driven or value driven cost structure. Based on the ability of students to consume the university must be able to produce products that are both of high quality while they are cost effective, this will ensure survival of the business.Visualize the efficiency

Religious Believers Understand More Essay Example for Free

Religious Believers Understand More EssayTo discuss this story first we must look at the definition of accord. Religious believers and scientists would belike differ in their definitions and therefore disagree from the beginning. A religious person would maybe say that understanding the world means knowing how to be a good person, how to live a good life and fulfill Gods plan. A scientist would probably disagree, saying that understanding the world is having a wide knowledge and good comprehension of how the world works including theories like evolution and understanding why and how things occur. other slight problem with this statement is its implication that one cannot be a religious believer and a scientist when in fact there atomic number 18 many a(prenominal) religious scientists who seem to shake science and religion existing harmoniously in their lives. If we are defining understanding as understanding how to live a good life, then I believe that the Bible and Rel igious Believers do understand more about the world than Scientists do.Religious Believers have a fall apart understanding of how the universe and mans place in it was set up, but its hard for people to understand correctly because its not in scientific terms, its in myths and metaphors. You lean see it with our available scientific instruments, its something you experience. Religious Believers have direct guidance from their Holy texts, e.g. for the Jewish faith, the Torah on how to live their life. They are taught, by the Ten Commandments, that they are not to steal, not to commit adultery and not to murder.One criticism of scientists is that a number of assumption are made to give parameters to an experiment. Also percept can be fallible, as we expect to see things, so we see them. We dont expect to see them, so we miss them out. In reply to this, in the parable the invisible gardener where the religious believer trusts that the gardener came but couldnt be seen and the other (scientist) believing that there couldnt be a gardener because there was no empirical evidence of this. This shows that even though there was no evidence of the gardener or God they fluent hold a belief, whereas the scientist had to be proven. Some claim that believers only want hope.Religious Believers hope for the return of their invisible gardener, while New Atheists (Richard Dawkins and his followers) have no expectations of a new life after death, thereforelive their lives without fear of an almighty God smiting them down. In this situation, one could argue that the Religious Believer is playing it safe, still they still understand the world better, in many cases they see it as an almighty beings creation.In conclusion, I believe that, although Scientists have evidence of the age of the earth, and that they have proven many facts of the Earth, They do not have as good guidance as Religious Believers do on understanding life.

Ethics on Surrogate Mothers Essay Example for Free

Ethics on substitution Mothers EssaySometimes couples who cannot conceive a baby by themselves choose to use a surrogate mother, where another woman carries their child. One way of surrogacy is when a woman whos unable to expatriate a baby to term, but is otherwise fertile, has her embryos transplanted to the surrogate mother. The bombard might be fertilized by the biological father or by artificial insemination if the male has fertility issues. In other cases, a surrogate mother is in fact the biological mother of the child as her very own eggs are used to create the embryo. In certain states, such as Arkansas and Delaware, surrogacy is illegal.Even in states where surrogacy is allowed, it can be quite a change process for the non-biological mother to be named as the parent, particularly in cases when the surrogate is the biological mother. The surrogate must home away her maternal rights so the mean mother can adopt the child. If the sperm of the adoptive mothers husb and was used to fertilize the egg, the biological father is named on the childs birth certificate.Many states require a legal get down be drafted between the couple and the surrogate and her spouse or partner detailing all arrangements concerning the pregnancy and birth. The parties involved with a surrogacy contract should chew the fatk the advice of legal counsel to be sure that pertinent issues are addressed and that the contract is in compliance with state and local laws involving surrogacy and adoption. Sometimes a surrogate mother changes her mind and refuses to give up her child. nevertheless, in states where surrogacy is allowed, the biological mother usually doesnt win custody or visitation rights. Typically, the surrogate and the parents sign an engagement to avoid this from happening. Nonetheless, in that locations always the possibility that the surrogate mother might win her case. Many surrogacy agreements state what the surrogate can and cannot do while pregnant. But ultimately, the parents should trust the surrogate mom to do whats in the best interests of the baby.Issues may develop whenever a surrogate breaches the agreement by smoking, abusing drugs or consuming alcohol while pregnant. As with any pregnancy theres always the possibility for medical or obstetrical troubles, which may hurt the baby or the surrogate mother. For starters, theres the chance of transmission of contagious disease to the surrogate when another womans eggs are transplanted into the surrogate. Because of this, both biological parents should be prescreened. In case a surrogate develops problems in the beginning that put her life at an increased risk, she may want to end the pregnancy. Another issue that may arise is if wellness practitioners discover learn that the fetus has possible birth defects and other health concerns. In that situation, the parents may choose they cannot continue with the surrogacy.This generates all sorts of legal issues, especially when the sperm is from a donor or eggs other than the surrogates were used for pregnancy. The problem then becomes who gets to determine whether to proceed with the pregnancy. Even though some people see surrogacy as baby-selling and look down on a female who is a surrogate, in recent years surrogacy has become more of a recognized practice. except the ethical issue remains concerning whether a female whos being paid for her surrogacy is exploiting infertile couples and entering the agreement for money. Others begin to see the infertile couple as exploiting the surrogates body and taking advantage of a female who needs money.Another issue, a couple that would adopt a child would be rigorously screened and be assessed to their suitability. This would not be the case with surrogacy. Some people who would be restricted from adopting could avoid this process by using a surrogate. One of the key issues is with regards to surrogacy is it is unworkable to determine the risks involved in the surr ogacy process. A surrogate needs to be informed of the potential risks to her health and the possible psychological trauma she can suffer. in that respect should a moral requirement for all parties involved to consider the welfare of the child born into any agreement. However, surrogacy raises the debate of peoples right to incur children. If we refuse the option of surrogacy, are we discriminating against the infertile?The first recorded case of surrogacy in the United States was in 1976. Noel Keane, a lawyer, arranged the first surrogacy agreement between a surrogate mother and the intended parents. This mother was not compensated financially. Afterwards, Keane went on to create the Infertility Center, which arranged hundreds of surrogacy agreements every year . However despite the numerous ethical issues at stake, statistics show that there has been an increase in the numbers of women who become surrogates. From 2004-2008 the number of infants born to gestational surrogates had doubled. The Society for aided Reproductive Technology reported from 738 infants born to over 1,400 from surrogate births. However, the amount of surrogacies annually is likely to be more, as many fertility centers dont report to SART. Additionally, there are coupleswho enter private agreements with a surrogate where agencies arent involved.ReferencesPacific Connection Fertility Services Surrogacy Yale New Haven Teachers Institute Ethical Problems Surrounding Surrogate MotherhoodDr Rebecca Gibbs, North East Essex PCT, Surrogacy, January 2008. http//www.northeastessexpct.nhs.uk/public_29_01_2008/surrogacy-policy.pdf